Seagulls and Beaches as Reservoirs for Multidrug-Resistant<i>Escherichia coli</i>

Simões, Roméo Rocha; Poirel, Laurent; Costa, Paulo Martins da; Nordmann, Patrice

doi:10.3201/eid1601.090896

Cited by 103 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…60 kb and recovered from a human patient (13). Our data showed a higher percentage of resistant E. coli in gull fecal samples than in previous studies (14)(15)(16), but it also represents the first study, to our knowledge, reporting the coexistence of two carbapenemase genes in E. coli recovered from yellow-legged gulls. However, some OXA-48-producing E. coli strains could have been lost due to the methodology that was specifically designed to search for ESBL.…”

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confidence: 45%

Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase- and/or Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Yellow-Legged Gulls from Barcelona, Spain

Vergara

Pitart

Montalvo

et al. 2017

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Seventy-two (54.5%) out of 132 fecal samples from a group of yellowlegged gulls in Barcelona, Spain, were positive for Escherichia coli producing either extended-spectrum ␤-lactamases (ESBL) (51.5%), carbapenemase (1.5%), or cephamycinase (1.5%). The isolation of two carbapenemase-producing E. coli strains is a matter of concern.KEYWORDS carbapenemases, E. coli, ESBL I n the last decade, the number of bacterial pathogens presenting multidrug resistance to antibacterial agents has increased dramatically, becoming an emergent global concern and a major public health problem (1). The main cause behind the increasing rates of resistance can ultimately be found in the abuse and misuse of antibacterial agents, whether used in patients and livestock or released into the environment. Once antimicrobial-resistant bacteria emerge, they can spread locally or globally. The main factors contributing to their spread at a global level comprise migrant birds, globalization of commercial food, and international travel.There have been several studies about the presence of resistant bacteria in gulls (2, 3), to the extent of being considered an indicator of environmental antibiotic resistance occurrence, as they are distributed almost all around the world (4). Meerburg et al. (5) showed that gull feces contain a greater average concentration of E. coli than other wild animals, and according to Stedt et al. (4), Spain is the country in Europe with the highest levels of gull E. coli isolates resistant to Ն1 antibiotic.The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of extended-spectrum ␤-lactamase (ESBL)-and/or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from fecal swabs obtained from a group of yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis) in Barcelona, Spain.The study was conducted from the beginning of May to late July 2014 in the city of Barcelona, including the breeding period of the yellow-legged gull in the city. The sampling program was part of the sanitary and epidemiological surveillance that is carried out by the Public Health Agency, Barcelona, the institution responsible for the supervision and surveillance of the species. The sampling sites were chosen according to citizens' reports regarding the species nesting on their terraces or high roofs of the city. Every gull chick from each nest found (Fig. 1) was sampled, which amounts to 132 samples in total. All samples were obtained from young specimens born in that same year, and all nests were independent from each other, since the urban structure of cities The samples were plated on ESBL chromogenic agar (bioMérieux, France), and burgundy red colonies were selected, according to the manufacturer's instructions. Colonies were further identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) (Bruker Daltonics, Inc., Bremen, Germany). Susceptibility to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, meropenem, gentamicin, amikacin, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin was determined ...

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confidence: 45%

Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase- and/or Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Yellow-Legged Gulls from Barcelona, Spain

Vergara

Pitart

Montalvo

et al. 2017

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…In particular, ARB that can be found either in water environments or in the human microbiome deserves special attention (Vaz-Moreira et al 2014). The ARB ubiquity explains why nowadays, gene families like bla-TEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance such as (aac-Ib-cr or qnrS), sul 1-3 or tetX/Q/S/W/O/M, besides clinically relevant, can be found in surface water, aquaculture environments, or in wildlife (Costa et al 2006;Simões et al 2010;Vredenburg et al 2014;Xiong et al 2015). If no control measures are taken, in a few years, this same scenario can be observed for other genes such as blaNDM-1 (New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase), blaVIM and blaKPC (carbapenemases), or vanA (vancomycin resistance operon gene), and then it may be too late to act.…”

Section: Important Environmental Reservoirs Of Contaminant Antibioticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic resistance in urban aquatic environments: can it be controlled?

Manaia

Macedo

Fatta‐Kassinos

et al. 2015

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

178

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Over the last decade, numerous evidences have contributed to establish a link between the natural and human-impacted environments and the growing public health threat that is the antimicrobial resistance. In the environment, in particular in areas subjected to strong anthropogenic pressures, water plays a major role on the transformation and transport of contaminants including antibiotic residues, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes. Therefore, the urban water cycle, comprising water abstraction, disinfection, and distribution for human consumption, and the collection, treatment, and delivery of wastewater to the environment, is a particularly interesting loop to track the fate of antibiotic resistance in the environment and to assess the risks of its trans-mission back to humans. In this article, the relevance of different transepts of the urban water cycle on the potential enrichment and spread of antibiotic resistance is reviewed. According to this analysis, some gaps of knowledge, research needs, and control measures are suggested. The critical rationale behind the measures suggested and the desirable involvement of some key action players is also discussed.

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“…CTX-M-15-producing E. coli ST156 in gulls sampled in southern France, chickens and turkeys in Portugal and the UK has recently been reported (Bonnedahl et al, 2010;Randall et al, 2011;Simoes et al, 2010). CMY producers of major clonal complexes have been reported among poultry, although transmission to humans has not been demonstrated (Cortes et al, 2010).…”

Section: Escherichia Colimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, E. coli ST57, ST156, and ST371, all producing ESBLs, have been recovered from chickens and turkeys in different countries in Europe and North America (Bonnedahl et al, 2010;Randall et al, 2011;Simoes et al, 2010) and ESBL-producing, verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC) isolates have also been described 10 .…”

Section: Escherichia Colimentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the public health risks of bacterial strains producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases and/or AmpC β-lactamases in food and food-producing animals

2011

EFSA Journal

240

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The potential contribution of food-producing animals or foods to public health risks by ESBL and/or AmpCproducing bacteria is related to specific plasmid-mediated ESBL and/or AmpC genes encoded by a number of organisms. The predominant ESBL families encountered are CTX-M, TEM, and SHV; the predominant AmpCfamily is CMY. The most common genes associated with this resistance in animals are bla CTX-M-1 (the most commonly identified ESBL), and bla CTX-M-14 , followed by bla and bla Among the genes encoding AmpC-type β-lactamases, bla CMY-2 is the most common.The bacterial species most commonly identified with these genes are Escherichia coli and non-typhoidal Salmonella. ESBL/AmpC transmission is mainly driven by integrons, insertion sequences, transposons and plasmids, some of which are homologous in isolates from both food-production animals and humans. Cefotaxime is used as the drug of choice for optimum detection of bla ESBL and/or bla AmpC genes. The preferred method for isolation of ESBL-and/or AmpC-producers is screening on selective agar preceded by selective enrichment in a broth.The establishment of risk factors for occurrence of ESBL/AmpC-producing bacteria is particularly complicated by the data unavailability or lack of its accuracy. The use of antimicrobials is a risk factor for the selection and spread of resistant clones, resistance genes and plasmids. Since most ESBL-and AmpC-producing strains carry additional resistances to other commonly-used veterinary drugs, generic antimicrobial use is a risk factor for ESBL/AmpC and it is not restricted specifically to the use of cephalosporins. An additional risk factor is extensive trade of animals in EU MS. There are no data on the comparative efficiency of individual control options in reducing public health risks caused by ESBL and/or AmpC-producing bacteria related to food-producing animals. Prioritisation is complex, but it is considered that a highly effective control option would be to stop all uses of cephalosporins/systemically active 3 rd /4 th generation cephalosporins, or to restrict their use (use only allowed under specific circumstances). As co-resistance is an important issue, it is also of high priority to decrease the total antimicrobial use in animal production in the EU. KEY WORDSResistance, ESBLs, AmpC, occurrence, transmission, control options, public health microbiology. SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) was asked to deliver a Scientific Opinion on the public health risks of bacterial strains producing extended-spectrum beta (β)-lactamases (ESBL) and/or AmpC β-lactamases (AmpC) in food and foodproducing animals. In particular, the Panel was asked: (i) to propose a definition of the ESBL-and/or AmpC-producing bacterial strains and genes relevant for public health and linked to food-producing animals or food borne transmission; (ii) to review the information on the epidemiology of acquired resistance to broad spectrum cephalosporins including the genes coding for ...

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Seagulls and Beaches as Reservoirs for Multidrug-ResistantEscherichia coli

Cited by 103 publications

References 14 publications

Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase- and/or Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Yellow-Legged Gulls from Barcelona, Spain

Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase- and/or Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Yellow-Legged Gulls from Barcelona, Spain

Antibiotic resistance in urban aquatic environments: can it be controlled?

Scientific Opinion on the public health risks of bacterial strains producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases and/or AmpC β-lactamases in food and food-producing animals

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