Screening of tabacco smoke constituents for mutagenicity using the Ames' test

Florin, Inger; Rutberg, Lars; Curvall, Margareta; Enzell, Curt R.

doi:10.1016/0300-483x(80)90055-4

Cited by 577 publications

(340 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The lack of mutagenic as well as genotoxic activities of HMF was also stated on the basis of in vitro studies on bacterial systems with and without an activation factor S9 [Florin et al, 1980;Kasai et al, 1982;Kim & Richardson, 1992].…”

Section: Carcinogenic Toxic and Mutagenic Activities Of Hmfmentioning

confidence: 98%

5-Hydroxymethyl-2-Furfural (HMF) – Heat-Induced Formation, Occurrence in Food and Biotransformation - a Review

Kowalski¹,

Łukasiewicz²,

Duda-Chodak³

et al. 2013

Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci.

128

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The chemical structure of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF), its physicochemical properties and reactions that lead to the synthesis of HMF were discussed. Special attention was paid to HMF formation in food during processing. The potential applications of this compound in industry were described as well. Moreover, this review outlines the most important sources of HMF in human diet and estimates the potential daily intake of HMF by consumers. The known and suggested metabolic pathways, as well as the impact of HMF and its metabolites on human health are also discussed.

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Section: Carcinogenic Toxic and Mutagenic Activities Of Hmfmentioning

confidence: 98%

5-Hydroxymethyl-2-Furfural (HMF) – Heat-Induced Formation, Occurrence in Food and Biotransformation - a Review

Kowalski¹,

Łukasiewicz²,

Duda-Chodak³

et al. 2013

Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci.

128

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“…The study on 2-methylpent-2-enal is a spot test (Florin et al, 1980), which is not in accordance with the OECD guideline. Furthermore, the methods and results are insufficiently reported and the study is considered to be of insufficient validity.…”

Section: Genotoxicity Studiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 201 Revision 1 (FGE.201Rev1): 2-Alkylated, aliphatic, acyclic alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes and precursors, with or without additional double-bonds, from chemical subgroup 1.1.2 of FGE.19

Flavourings¹

2012

EFSA Journal

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The Panel on Food Contact Materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and Processing Aids of the European Food Safety Authority was requested to consider in this revision 1 of Flavouring Group Evaluation 201, the additional data on genotoxicity submitted by the Industry on two substances, 2-methylpent-2-enal [FL-no: 05.178, 09.177 and 09.931], for which it was concluded in the previous version of this FGE that the available data were insufficient to evaluate their genotoxicity. Secondly, the Panel considers that the mutagenicity hazard could not be cleared by the endpoints evaluated in the in vivo micronucleus assay submitted. The Panel therefore concluded that further data are required in order to clarify the genotoxic potential of this subgroup. The Panel considers the Comet assay with .095] as test material and performed on liver, blood and first site of contact, as a preferred option to further investigate the genotoxicity in vivo. In the previous version of this Opinion, FGE.201, the Panel had expressed the following view.No carcinogenicity studies are available for the eight α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and the α,β-unsaturated aldehydes anticipated to be formed from the precursors in subgroup 1.1.2.The genotoxicity concern with respect to this group of substances due to the presence of an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde group (or precursor for this) cannot be ruled out based on the genotoxicity data and (quantitative) structure-activity relationship (Q)SAR predictions available.Therefore, the Panel concluded that a genotoxic potential of the 11 α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and alcohols and related esters in the present FGE.201 could not be ruled out. Accordingly, these 11 substances cannot presently be evaluated through the Procedure. Additional data on genotoxicity on substances representative for this subgroup should be provided according to the Genotoxicity Test Strategy for Substances Belonging to Subgroups of FGE.19 (EFSA, 2008bb

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“…Chew 1979; Florin et al 1980;Yamaguchi 1982;Wild et al 1983;Andersen & Jensen 1984;Shimizu et al 1985;Al-Ani & Al-Lami 1988;Clary et al 1998;Zeiger & Margolin 2000). Based on the results of sub-acute toxicity/carcinogenicity and genotoxicity studies, we concluded that the metabolites of the four flavouring substances as well as substances structurally related to these flavouring substances do not pose a safety concern when used at low levels of intake or as flavouring substances.…”

Section: Genotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Propylene glycol showed positive results only in minor number of in vitro assays, i.e., two chromosomal aberration tests, one sister chromatid exchange assay and one host-mediated mutation test, and negative results in most in vitro assays and all in vivo assays (Weir 1974;McCann & Ames 1976;Clark et al 1979;Stolzenberg & Hine 1979;Florin et al 1980;Sasaki et al 1980;Vargova et al 1980;Kawachi et al 1981;Haworth et al 1983;Ishidate et al 1984;Hayashi et al 1988).…”

Section: Genotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Japan Flavour and Fragrance Materials Association’s (JFFMA) safety assessment of food-flavouring substances uniquely used in Japan that belong to the class of aliphatic primary alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, acetals and esters containing additional oxygenated functional groups

Saito¹,

Hasegawa-Baba

Sekiya³

et al. 2017

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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We performed a safety evaluation using the procedure devised by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) of the following four flavouring substances that belong to the class of 'aliphatic primary alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, acetals, and esters containing additional oxygenated functional groups' and are uniquely used in Japan: butyl butyrylacetate, ethyl 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate, 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid and methyl hydroxyacetate. Although no genotoxicity study data were found in the published literature, none of the four substances had chemical structural alerts predicting genotoxicity. All four substances were categorised as class I by using Cramer's classification. The estimated daily intake of each of the four substances was determined to be 0.007-2.9 μg/person/day by using the maximised surveyderived intake method and based on the annual production data in Japan in 2001, 2005 and 2010, and was determined to be 0.250-600.0 μg/person/day by using the single-portion exposure technique and based on average-use levels in standard portion sizes of flavoured foods. Both of these estimated daily intake ranges were below the threshold of toxicological concern for class I substances, which is 1800 μg/person/day. Although no information from in vitro and in vivo toxicity studies for the four substances was available, these substances were judged to raise no safety concerns at the current levels of intake. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Screening of tabacco smoke constituents for mutagenicity using the Ames' test

Cited by 577 publications

References 8 publications

5-Hydroxymethyl-2-Furfural (HMF) – Heat-Induced Formation, Occurrence in Food and Biotransformation - a Review

5-Hydroxymethyl-2-Furfural (HMF) – Heat-Induced Formation, Occurrence in Food and Biotransformation - a Review

Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 201 Revision 1 (FGE.201Rev1): 2-Alkylated, aliphatic, acyclic alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes and precursors, with or without additional double-bonds, from chemical subgroup 1.1.2 of FGE.19

Japan Flavour and Fragrance Materials Association’s (JFFMA) safety assessment of food-flavouring substances uniquely used in Japan that belong to the class of aliphatic primary alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, acetals and esters containing additional oxygenated functional groups

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