Screening of Mental Disorders Related CD4 Count of People Living with HIV/AIDS with Anti-Retroviral Treatment in Medan, Indonesia

Abstract

BACKGROUND:Mental disorders are the most common problems in the life of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The frequency in which HIV/AIDS and mental health problems co-exist, and the complex bi-directional relationship between them. Several biological, distress psychological and social dysfunction factors are associated with mental disorders in PLWHA.AIM:To analyse the relationship between the screening of mental disorders using General Health Questionnaire-12 scores and CD4 counts of People Living with HIV/AIDS with Anti-Retroviral Treatment.METHODS:This was a correlative analytical study with a cross-sectional approach using the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) instrument to assess screening mental disorders and the CD4 count. This research was conducted in February 2019 – April 2019 at an HIV/AIDS outpatient clinic. As many 33 subjects were divided into inclusion criteria; participant confirmed HIV seropositivity in stage II or III were undergoing ARV treatment, ranged in age between 25-49 years. The duration of HIV disease was ≤ four years, and the duration of ARV treatment was ≥ six months and informed consent to participate in the study. The patient who had mental disorders and currently drugs user was excluded from this study.RESULTS:There was an association found between change in CD4 and screening mental disorders at univariate analysis among the study participants, whether on antiretroviral treatment. The correlation between the total GHQ-12 scores as a screening of mental disorders and CD4 counts indicated to result in a significant negative correlation, r = -0.670 with p = 0.001.CONCLUSION:Screening mental disorders using General Health Questionnaire-12 from the results of this study shows that it is important to do for PLWHA because with low CD4 levels as biomarkers the progression of HIV infection affects psychological distress and social dysfunction in people living with HIV who have the potential for symptoms of mental disorders.

In utero/peripartum antiretroviral therapy exposure and mental health outcomes at 8–18 years old: A longitudinal comparative study of children with perinatally acquired HIV, children perinatally HIV exposed but uninfected, and children unexposed uninfected from Uganda

“…However, CPHIV currently on protease inhibitor‐based cART had significantly lower anxiety relative to CPHIV currently on NNRTI‐based cART. Further, depression and anxiety symptoms were inversely correlated with CD4+ cell count and lack of virologic suppression, underscoring the importance of effective HIV treatment for improvement of mental health outcomes in persons living with HIV (Nachman et al, 2012; de Vega et al, 2019).…”

Two for the Price of One: A Case of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Brain Abscess With Atypical Lymphoplasmacytic Infiltrate With Underlying Clonal Lymphoproliferative Process in a Patient Infected With HIV

“…Cerebral abscesses are considered pus-filled pockets of material with areas of necrosis within the brain parenchyma, usually resulting from a localized trauma or an infectious process. Based on recent studies, the incidence of brain abscesses is approximately 8% of intracranial masses, and its prevalence is even higher in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) [1][2][3].…”

“…Brain abscesses go through different stages in their development; the first two weeks are characterized by the development of inflammation and focal cerebritis, followed in the next three to four weeks by the development of necrosis and liquefaction, covered by a capsule of granulation tissue, collagen deposition and surrounding edema [1][2][3].…”