Screening of human diarrhoeal samples in Mymensingh city of Bangladesh for the isolation, identification and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter spp.

Abstract

Campylobacter spp. (Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli) are one of the major cause of foodborne bacterial diarrhoea in human worldwide. This study was conducted for the isolation, identification and antimicrobial resistance profiling of Campylobacter spp. from diarrhoeal samples of human collected from Surya Kanta (SK) hospital, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh during the period of August 2016 to October 2017. Using cultural and biochemical techniques, a total number of 150 samples were subjected to Campylobacter isolation and identification. The isolated Campylobacter species (C. jejuni and C. coli) were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Among 40 positive Campylobacter isolates, 23 (57.50%) were C. jejuni and the rest 17 (42.50%) isolates were C. coli. Furthermore, out of 40 Campylobacter like organisms, 22 Campylobacter isolates were found in male patient and 18 Campylobacter isolates were found in female. 13 (16.04%) C. jejuni and 9 (11.11%) C. coli were found in male and 10 (14.49%) C. jejuni and 8 (11.59%) C. coli were found in female. Considering the different age groups, 5 (33.33%), 12 (27.91%), 19 (29.68%) and 4 (14.28%) Campylobacter isolates were found in 1 to 15, 16 to 30, 31 to 50 and above 50 years respectively during the period of August 2016 to October 2017. Majority of the Campylobacter jejuni were resistant to ampicillin, nalidixic acid, tetracycline and norfloxacin. However, majority of the Campylobacter jejuni were susceptible to gentamycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and streptomycin. Furthermore, C. coli were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin and susceptible to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin and ciprofloxacin. Out of 40 Campylobacter isolates 65.21% C. jejuni and 52.94% Campylobacter coli were detected as multidrug resistant. The findings of the study revealed the presence of multidrug resistant Campylobacter species in human diarrhoeal samples in Mymensingh.

Occurrence and multidrug resistance of Campylobacter spp. at duck farms and associated environmental and anthropogenic risk factors in Bangladesh

“…All isolates of C. jejuni and C. coli were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility by disk diffusion method [ 24 ]. Eight commonly used antimicrobial agents at standard doses were used: amoxicillin (AMX) (30 µg), azithromycin (AZM) (30 µg), ciprofloxacin (CIP) (5 µg), erythromycin (ERY) (30 µg), gentamycin (GEN) (10 µg), norfloxacin (NOR) (10 µg), streptomycin (STR) (10 µg), and tetracycline (TET) (30 µg) (HiMedia, India).…”

“…In this densely populated country, MDR infections from the emergent poultry sector is a major concern to public health. Consequently, Campylobacter isolates showing an increasing frequency of resistance to antimicrobials, including nalidixic acid, tetracycline, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides, have been reported for both in healthy animals and human cases of gastroenteritis and diarrhea [ 10 , 11 , 22 – 24 ].…”

“…Various studies have noted that apart from climatic influences, other factors related to farm management, e.g., unhygienic practices, increasing age of birds, flock size, insufficient sunlight or ventilation, and even interface with wild birds could influence the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in poultry flocks [ 11 , 24 – 26 ]. Despite its natural link with Campylobacter , duck or duck farms as a source of campylobacteriosis in humans has remained unexplored in Bangladesh.…”

Detection of Campylobacter spp. in farmed sheep in Mymensingh division of Bangladesh: Prevalence, risk factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility status

“…This distribution is sparsely consistent with other studies in poultry and livestock in Bangladesh [ 21 , 23 , 26 ]. In a previous report, C. jejuni isolates were documented to be MDR against tetracycline, ampicillin, norfloxacin, and nalidixic acid; however, the MDR status of C. coli was reported to be R against tetracycline, ampicillin, ERY, norfloxacin, and nalidixic acid [ 51 ].…”

Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella spp isolated from street vended foods in Akola city

“…Consumers who depend on such foods are more interested in its convenience and usually pay little attention to its safety, quality and hygiene (Muleta and Ashenafi, 2001). ready-to-eat street foods are also subjected to cross-contamination from various sources such as utensils, knives, raw foodstuffs, flies that sporadically landing on the foods, vendors bare hand serving and occasional food handling by consumers (Muzaffar et al, 2009;Karmaker et al, 2018).…”