Screening of fruits of seven plants indicated for medicinal use in Iraq

Abstract

Introduction:Coumarins exert many biological effects in humans, animals, and plants, which make the evaluation of their biological activities and study of their role in ethnomedicine highly valued.Objectives:Here, we selected seven plants which have ethnopharmacological use as antimicrobial in Iraq and the aims were to quantify the two structural isomers bergapten and methoxsalen in their seeds, to evaluate the antibacterial activities against several clinical isolates, and to isolate bergapten and methoxsalen from Ammi majus.Materials and Methods:Seven plants were extracted by petroleum ether (PE) and ethanol (EtOH). Bergapten and methoxsalen were separated and purified by preparative thin-layer chromatography. Quantification of the furanocoumarins has been conducted by high-performance liquid chromatography, and all the plant extracts and pure compounds were checked for antibacterial activities utilizing alamar blue microplate assay.Results:Cuminum cyminum was deprived of bergapten and methoxsalen and methoxsalen was not detected from Apium graveolens. Bergapten was abundant in PE more than in EtOH; on the other hand, EtOH was rich in methoxsalen. The separation of the two structural isomers was performed using normal phase chromatography and ultraviolet light as an indicator. All extracts showed weak to moderate antibacterial activities against Gram-positive isolates which were more sensitive than the negative ones. C. cyminum extract was least active, uncover the antibacterial role of bergapten and methoxsalen.Conclusion:These findings support the medicinal use of seeds of seven plants from Apiaceae family and quantify the two pharmacologically important furanocoumarins (bergapten and methoxsalen).SUMMARY This study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activities of seven plants seeds used in local medicine in Iraq. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify bergapten and xanthotoxin in non-polar and polar extracts of these seeds. This study supports the medicinal use of these plants and clarifies the role of bergapten and xanthotoxin in antibacterial activities of these plants. Abbreviations used: EtOH: Ethanol; MIC: Minimum inhibitory concentration; PE: Petroleum ether; Rf: Retardation factor; Rt: Retention time.

Discovery, synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of phenolic compounds from Cylicodiscus gabunensis

“…The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the plant extracts and compounds explored in this study were determined using the microplate Alamar Blue assay as previously described [32, 33]. The bacterial isolates were first adjusted to McFarland standard 0.5 (~ 1 × 10 8 CFU/ml), which were then diluted by adding 0.2 ml bacterial suspension to 19.8 ml sterile broth medium (1:100 fold dilution) to give the final bacterial concentration (1× 10 6 CFU/ml).…”

Bergapten: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity

“…It has been reported that bergapten isolated from Heracleum maximum and it was inferred that the OCH 3 group at the C5 site in bergapten might be the functional site of antibacterial activity (Golfakhrabadi et al, 2016). Furthermore, bergapten was found to possess stronger antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria than Gramnegative bacteria (Aldulaimi, 2017). Moreover, bergapten also showed a strong inhibitory effect on Colletotrichum sp., inhibiting its radial growth and spore germination (Ramirez-Pelayo, Martinez-Quinones, showed an inhibitory effect on aldose reductase (AR), which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, and its IC 50 was 25.03 μM (Park, 2011).…”

“…Moreover, bergapten isolated from Ferulago carduchorum could effectively inhibit Candida albicans (MIC = 0.23 mg/mL) but show poor inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 1.87 mg/mL), and it was inferred that the OCH 3 group at the C5 site in bergapten might be the functional site of antibacterial activity (Golfakhrabadi et al, 2016). Furthermore, bergapten was found to possess stronger antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria than Gram‐negative bacteria (Aldulaimi, 2017). Moreover, bergapten also showed a strong inhibitory effect on Colletotrichum sp., inhibiting its radial growth and spore germination (Ramirez‐Pelayo, Martinez‐Quinones, Gil, & Durango, 2019).…”

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“…Methoxsalen is a natural furocoumarin that can be obtained from several plant species, including Ammi majus, 29 Psoralea corylifolia 30 and Pastinaca sativa. 30,31,99,100 It is also known as xanthotoxin and is a pigmentation agent used in the treatment of psoriasis cutaneous, T-cell lymphoma, and vitiligo. [101][102][103] Methoxsalen is a potent inhibitor of CYP2A6 nicotine metabolism in the liver microsomes of adult male ICR mouse with a Ki of 0.32±0.03 µM.…”