Screening of Candidate Bioactive Secondary Plant Metabolite Ion-Features from Moringa oleifera Accessions Associated with High and Low Enteric Methane Inhibition from Ruminants

Abstract

This study evaluated the relationship of secondary bioactive plant metabolite ion-features (MIFs) of Moringa oleifera accessions with antimethanogenesis to identify potential MIFs that were responsible for high and low methane inhibition from ruminants. Plant extracts from 12 Moringa accessions were evaluated at a 50 mg/kg DM feed for gas production and methane inhibition. Subsequently, the accessions were classified into low and high enteric methane inhibition groups. Four of twelve accessions (two the lowest and two the highest methane inhibitors), were used to characterize them in terms of MIFs. A total of 24 samples (12 from lower and 12 from higher methane inhibitors) were selected according to their methane inhibition potential, which ranged from 18% to 29%. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and untargeted metabolomics with univariate and multivariate statistical analysis with MetaboAnalyst were used in the study. Although 86 MIFs showed (p < 0.05) variation between higher and lower methane inhibition groups and lay within the detection ranges of the UPLC-MS column, only 14 were significant with the volcano plot. However, Bonferroni correction reduced the candidate MIFs to 10, and their R2-value with methane production ranged from 0.39 to 0.64. Eventually, MIFs 4.44_609.1462 and MIF 4.53_433.1112 were identified as bioactive MIFs associated with higher methane inhibition, whereas MIF 9.06_443.2317 and 15.00_487.2319 were associated with lower methane inhibition with no significant effect on in vitro organic matter digestibility of the feed. These MIFs could be used by plant breeders as potential markers to develop new M. oleifera varieties with high methane inhibition characteristics. However, further investigation on identifying the name, structure, and detailed biological activities of these bioactive metabolites needs to be carried out for future standardization, commercialization, and application as dietary methane mitigation additives.

Relationships between Agronomic Traits of Moringa Accessions and In Vitro Gas Production Characteristics of a Test Feed Incubated with or without Moringa Plant Leaf Extracts

“…In addition, the mechanism of increased in vitro digestibility recorded in some of the studied accessions (A1, A2, A3, A8, and A11) may be partly attributed to the antimicrobial and laxative properties reported in Moringa, which makes the rumen environment more conducive for beneficial organisms and enzymes involved in substrate digestion [ 53 ]. Based on the findings of this study, four accessions (two higher and two lower CH 4 inhibitors) were promoted to the next stage of the metabolomics study to identify the candidate metabolite ion-features responsible for their variation in enteric methane inhibition from ruminants [ 54 ]. Thus, the published paper [ 54 ] is a continuation of this study, which focused on the identification of the most responsible m/z ion-features to CH 4 inhibition characteristics.…”

“…Based on the findings of this study, four accessions (two higher and two lower CH 4 inhibitors) were promoted to the next stage of the metabolomics study to identify the candidate metabolite ion-features responsible for their variation in enteric methane inhibition from ruminants [ 54 ]. Thus, the published paper [ 54 ] is a continuation of this study, which focused on the identification of the most responsible m/z ion-features to CH 4 inhibition characteristics. However, still, the identified metabolite ion-features need to be annotated and investigated for their detailed characteristics (pathway, name, and structure), and the biological effects will be confirmed by using pure compounds in the future.…”

Natural Science Mini Project Practicum through The Practical Instructions Module for Identifying Natural Chemicals in Medicinal Plants

“…Apart from that, in several places there are several restaurants that serve Moringa leaf vegetables. Several studies have explained that it is currently being used as a bioactive candidate for secondary metabolites of Moringa leaves [59]. Secondary metabolites are produced through reaction stages in plant tissues called biosynthesis.…”

“…On the island of lombok you can find many Moringa oleifera plants. This plant can be used as a bioactive for the metabolism of living creatures [15].…”

Impact of Moringa oleifera on rumen fermentation and methane emission under in vitro condition

“…Application of Moringa foliage improved the feed consumption, metabolic profile and growth performance of goat kids (Wankhede et al 2022 ). ML are natural feed supplement which produce secondary metabolites like tannins and saponins, modify the pathways of rumen fermentation and prevent the growth of methanogens effectively (Zeru et al 2022 ). ML strengthened the immune system and reduced oxidative stress in goats due to the presence of bioactive compounds (Al-Juhaimi et al 2020 ; Teclegeorgish et al 2021 ).…”