Screening for SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies in convalescent plasma in Brazil: Preliminary lessons from a voluntary convalescent donor program

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent plasma (CCP) collection began in two Brazilian hospitals for treatment of severe/ critical patients. Methods and Materials: Mild/moderate COVID-19 convalescents were selected as CCP donors after reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and absence of symptoms for ≥14 days plus (a) age (18-60 years), body weight greater than 55 kg; (b) immunohematological studies; (c) no infectious markers of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, human T-lymphotropic virus-1/2, Chagas and syphilis infection; (d) no HLA antibodies (multiparous); (e) second RT-PCR (nasopharyngeal swab and/or blood) negativity; (f) virus neutralization test (cytopathic effect-based virus neutralization test neutralizing antibody) and anti-nucleocapsid protein SARS-CoV-2 IgM, IgG, and IgA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: Among 271 donors (41 females, 230 males), 250 presented with neutralizing antibodies. Final RT-PCR was negative on swab (77.0%) or blood (88.4%; P = .46). Final definition of RT-PCR was only defined at more than 28 days after full recovery in 59 of 174 (33.9%) RT-PCR-ve, and 25/69 RT-PCR +ve (36.2%;

Antibody Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Implications for Immunity: A Rapid Living Review

“…Terpos, 2020 64 No difference. Wendel, 2020 71 No difference. Race/ethnicity: Antibody prevalence 1 Study Total N=2,547…”

“…(2) 45 cross-sectional or cohort studies [18][19][20][21][22][23]25,26,29,31,32,35,37,[39][40][41][42][43][44]47,48,[51][52][53][54][55][56][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][67][68][69]71,[74][75][76][77][78][79][80] characterizing the antibody response (i.e., antibody types, levels, and duration) among adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection; and 317 studies validating the diagnostic performance of one or more immunoassays. 16,17,24,27,…”

“…We identified 14 observational studies that assessed variation in the antibody response by patient age, sex, and/or race/ethnicity. 15,21,22,29,32,40,42,51,56,57,59,63,64,71 Four cross-section and cohort studies 29,51,56,59 that controlled for comorbidities and markers of COVID-19 severity (such as the number or type of symptoms) and one immunoassay validation study 57 evaluated the association of age and seroprevalence and found no difference (Appendix Table C -5). Separately from prevalence, eight studies 15,21,22,32,40,42,59,64 compared antibody levels by age.…”

“…With regard to variation in antibody levels by sex, six studies found no difference. 32,40,59,63,64,71 However, two studies detected a statistically significant difference: the Icelandic study, 15 which found that levels of anti-S1-RBD pan-Ig and anti-S1 IgA were lower in women, and a large Chinese study 21 of hospitalized adults which found that found that anti-S and anti-N IgM titers were higher in men compared with women (but IgG titers were no different).…”

Correlation Between Sars-Cov-2 Antibody Screening by Immunoassay and Neutralizing Antibody Testing

“…Two hundred and fourteen samples were tested for neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) using the cytopathic effect-based virus neutralization test (CPE-VNT). The CPE-VNT was adapted from Nurtop et al, 2018 14 and have been already described on Wendel et al, 2020 15 . Briefly, 5x10 4 cells/mL of Vero cells (ATCC CCL-81) were seeded 24 hours before the infection in a 96-well plate.…”