Screening for Eating Disorders in Adolescents and Adults

Feltner, Cynthia; Peat, Christine M.; Reddy, Shivani M.; Riley, Sean; Berkman, Nancy D; Middleton, Jennifer Cook; Balio, Casey P.; Coker‐Schwimmer, Manny; Jonas, Daniel E

doi:10.1001/jama.2022.1807

Cited by 35 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…Such an objective test could enhance the power of currently available screening tests that consist of questionnaires that depend on subjective answers (Morgan et al,1999;Feltner et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychogenetic Risk-Markers for Developing Anorexia Nervosa

Oron¹

2023

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Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN), which typically affects female adolescents, is characterized by aberrant patterns of eating behavior, disturbances in attitudes toward and perceptions of weight and shape, and by a relentless pursuit of thinness and obsessive fears of gaining weight despite emaciation. AN is often develops into a chronic, relapsing illness. Statistics show that the annual mortality rate for anorexia nervosa is 5-6%, with suicide the second most common cause of death after medical complications. Therefore, early detection and medical-psychological intervention are of major importance for a favorable outcome.Since there are contributory genetic factors for AN I have designed a study to examine whether women suffering from AN are characterized by specific genetic characteristics: the complex configurations of ridges and creases on the skin surface of digits and palms. Positive results will show that these characteristics can contribute to the detection of individuals who are prone to develop AN. Notwithstanding the popular image of "fortune-tellers", scientific studies on epidermal configurations have been conducted for over two centuries. This field of inquiry is termed Dermatoglyphics.Method: Dermatoglyphic prints of fingers and palms were obtained from women in various stages of AN, and compared with those of healthy women.Results: A clear difference could be seen between the dermatoglyphic characteristics of women suffering from AN and healthy individuals. Hence, the aim of the research was achieved.Conclusions: The observed dermatoglyphic characteristics warrant replication for refinement. Moreover, since AN has serious medical consequences as well as a negative psychological impact, there is clearly an urgent need to implement the results in the form of an objective dermatoglyphic screening test, along with the currently available screening tests.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychogenetic Risk-Markers for Developing Anorexia Nervosa

Oron¹

2023

Preprint

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“…Seventeen studies (10 of good quality) evaluated the accuracy of various screening questionnaires for detecting any eating disorder or specific eating disorders. Sample sizes ranged from 51 to 1541 participants (median, 341) . Most studies assessed the SCOFF (11 studies); 2 studies assessed the EDS-PC, and other questionnaires were assessed by 1 study each .…”

Section: Supporting Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Few trials of self-help interventions assessed other outcomes. Group therapy for binge eating disorder (7 trials; n = 253) was associated with larger reductions in depression scores from baseline than inactive control (pooled SMD, −0.48 [95% CI, −0.69 to 0.27]) . Few trials of group therapy measured other outcomes of eating disorder symptoms, and results were inconsistent.…”

Section: Supporting Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were associated with a larger reduction in depression symptom scores than placebo (pooled SMD, −0.6 [95% CI, −0.90 to 0.33]) (5 studies; n = 208). Three trials (n = 528) assessed fluoxetine for populations with bulimia nervosa and found inconsistent results for improvement in eating disorder symptom severity and depression . Two trials measured eating disorder symptom severity (the EDE-Q [Eating Disorder Examination–Questionnaire] and YBOCS-BE) and found a reduction in symptom scores favoring SSRIs.…”

Section: Supporting Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Screening for Eating Disorders in Adolescents and Adults

Davidson

Barry

Mangione

et al. 2022

JAMA

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ImportanceEating disorders (eg, binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia nervosa) are a group of psychiatric conditions defined as a disturbance in eating or eating-related behaviors that impair physical or psychosocial functioning. 1,2 The prevalence of eating disorders in the US has not been well studied; thus, current rates may underestimate the true burden of disease. According to large US cohort studies, estimated lifetime prevalences for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder in adult women are 1.42%, 0.46%, and 1.25%, respectively, and are lower in adult men (anorexia nervosa, 0.12%; bulimia nervosa, 0.08%; binge eating disorder, 0.42%). Eating disorder prevalence ranges from 0.3% to 2.3% in adolescent females and 0.3% to 1.3% in adolescent males. 1,3 Eating disorders are associated with short-term and long-term adverse health outcomes, including physical, psychological, and social problems. 1 IMPORTANCE Eating disorders (eg, binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia nervosa) are a group of psychiatric conditions defined as a disturbance in eating or eating-related behaviors that impair physical or psychosocial functioning. According to large US cohort studies, estimated lifetime prevalences for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder in adult women are 1.42%, 0.46%, and 1.25%, respectively, and are lower in adult men (anorexia nervosa, 0.12%; bulimia nervosa, 0.08%; binge eating disorder, 0.42%). Eating disorder prevalence ranges from 0.3% to 2.3% in adolescent females and 0.3% to 1.3% in adolescent males. Eating disorders are associated with short-term and long-term adverse health outcomes, including physical, psychological, and social problems. OBJECTIVEThe US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate the benefits and harms of screening for eating disorders in adolescents and adults with a normal or high body mass index. Evidence limited to populations who are underweight or have other physical signs or symptoms of eating disorders was not considered. The USPSTF has not previously made a recommendation on this topic.POPULATION Adolescents and adults (10 years or older) who have no signs or symptoms of eating disorders (eg, rapid weight loss, weight gain, or pronounced deviation from growth trajectory; pubertal delay; bradycardia; oligomenorrhea; and amenorrhea). EVIDENCE ASSESSMENTThe USPSTF concludes that the evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for eating disorders in adolescents and adults. The evidence is limited and the balance of benefits and harms cannot be determined.RECOMMENDATION The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for eating disorders in adolescents and adults. (I statement)

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“…While many screening instruments for eating disorders exist, the overall body of literature provides evidence that supports the reliability and validity of the SCOFF given its status as a brief screener with 'yes' versus 'no' responses (Botella et al, 2013;Read & McComiskey, 2021). As a result, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force indicated that the SCOFF as having, "adequate adequacy for detecting eating disorders," (Feltner et al, 2022(Feltner et al, , p. 1068).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 4pL Item Response Theory examination of perceived stigma in the screening of eating disorders with the SCOFF

Barnard‐Brak

Yang

2022

Preprint

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We examined the psychometric properties of the SCOFF, a screening instrument for eating disorders, with consideration of the perceived stigma of items that can produce socially desirable responding. The results of the current study suggest evidence of the sufficient psychometric properties of the SCOFF in terms of confirmatory factor and item response theory analyses. However, two items of the SCOFF revealed that individuals who otherwise endorsed other items of the SCOFF were less likely to endorse the items of Fat and Food. It is hypothesized that this is the result of perceived stigma regarding those two items that prompts individuals to respond in a socially desirable way. A weighted scoring procedure was developed to counteract the performance of these two items, but the psychometric performance was only slightly better and there would be a clear tradeoff of specificity over sensitivity if utilized. Future research should consider other ways to counteract such perceived stigma.

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Screening for Eating Disorders in Adolescents and Adults

Abstract: IMPORTANCEEating disorders are associated with adverse health and social outcomes.OBJECTIVE To review the evidence on screening for eating disorders in adolescents and adults to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Cited by 35 publications

References 84 publications

Psychogenetic Risk-Markers for Developing Anorexia Nervosa

Psychogenetic Risk-Markers for Developing Anorexia Nervosa

Screening for Eating Disorders in Adolescents and Adults

A 4pL Item Response Theory examination of perceived stigma in the screening of eating disorders with the SCOFF

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