<scp>Non‐fuel</scp> uses for fatty acid methyl esters

Karis, Dylan; Cain, R.; Young, K.; Shand, A.; Holm, T.; Springer, E.

doi:10.1002/bbb.2422

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Currently, the production of fatty acid methyl esters, also known as biodiesel, is obtaining significant attention as an environmentally friendly fuel. Additionally, the use of fatty acid methyl esters in epoxy resin production has numerous opportunities in coatings and applications of thermoset materials [2]. The transesterification of vegetable oils is the most effective process for transforming triglyceride molecules into fatty acid methyl esters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Recovery Yield of Vegetable Oil Methyl Ester for Bioresin Production: A Comparison Study Using Acid Neutralization

Huda,

Odegaard,

Chandra Sarker

et al. 2024

ChemEngineering

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Vegetable oil methyl ester has promising properties for bio-based resin production due to its higher degree of unsaturation. The initial low methyl ester yield from corn oil compared to soybean and canola oils requires further investigation of the influence of neutralization at the end of the transesterification reaction. To evaluate the neutralization effect with HCl, corn, canola, and soybean oil were transesterified using NaOH at 60 °C with a 6:1 methanol–oil ratio. This research also investigated the effect of reaction times (0.5–1.5 h) with varying neutralization levels (0–100%) on the corn oil methyl ester yield. The yield of corn, canola, and soybean methyl ester was increased significantly by 16–25% through neutralization, indicating the positive impact of neutralization. The corn oil methyl ester yield ranged from 45 to 79% across different neutralization levels and reaction times. With 25% neutralization, the yield increased by 20%. On the other hand, the yield reduced by 18–24% over time when there was no neutralization. A statistical model was developed where the yield varied significantly with the acid amount, reaction time, and their interactions. The quality of the corn methyl ester was found to be within the limits of standard pure methyl ester. Overall, the effect of neutralization showed promise in increasing the yield of quality methyl ester from commercial corn oil.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Recovery Yield of Vegetable Oil Methyl Ester for Bioresin Production: A Comparison Study Using Acid Neutralization

Huda,

Odegaard,

Chandra Sarker

et al. 2024

ChemEngineering

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“…Biodiesel is commonly a domestically produced, clean-burning, renewable substitute for petroleum diesel. Using biodiesel as a vehicle fuel increases energy security, improves the environment and air quality, and provides safety benefits [13,14]. Biodiesel which is most frequently used as a blend with regular diesel fuel can be used in several diesel vehicles without any engine modification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient and Stable Rice Husk Bioderived Silica Supported Cu2S-FeS for One Pot Esterification and Transesterification of a Malaysian Palm Fatty Acid Distillate

et al. 2022

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A novel heterogeneous catalyst composite (CuS-FeS/SiO2) derived from rice husk silica was engineered following pyrolysis, chemical precipitation, and chemical redox technique. The resulting catalyst was applied to the conversion of palm fatty acid distillate to biodiesel. The presence of CuS and FeS on the catalyst was verified using X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen physisorption, scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) spectroscopy, and temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 (TPD-NH3), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), and TGA; a specific surface area of approximately 40 m2·g−1 was identified. The impact of independent variables, i.e., reaction temperature, reaction duration, methanol:oil ratio and catalyst concentration were evaluated with respect to the efficacy of the esterification reaction. The greatest efficiency of 98% with a high productivity rate of 2639.92 µmol·g−1·min−1 with k of 4.03 × 10−6 mole·S−1 was achieved with the following parameters: temperature, 70 °C; duration, 180 min; catalyst loading, 2 wt.%; and methanol to oil ratio, 15:1. The CuS-FeS/SiO2 catalyst showed relatively high stability indicated by its ability to be reused up to five times.

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“…It is a reversible reaction and stoichiometry (Luković, Knežević-Jugović, & Bezbradica, 2011). Besides fatty acid alkyl ester use as a fuel, it also used as solvent for oil recovery surfactant, pesticides, asphalt rejuvenator, detergent, and cosmetics industry (Cardinali, Pizzeghello, & Zanin, 2015;Karis et al, 2022;Keng et al, 2009). The key benefits of using lipases as a biocatalyst include mild reaction conditions, fast recovery of glycerol without subsequent purifying and producing chemical waste, and high-purity product (Sandoval et al, 2017).…”

Section: Enzymatic Esterification/transesterification/mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic pretreatment of rice bran acid oil before ?-oryzanol recovery

Yahya

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This study aims to apply enzymatic reactions for pretreating the major byproduct of rice bran oil (RBO) industry, rice bran acid oil (RBAO) before ?-oryzanol recovery. RBAO contains free fatty acids (FFAs), glycerides, and is rich in the super-antioxidant, ?-oryzanol. As a primary step to recover ?-oryzanol from RBAO, glycerides must be removed because of having similar polarity with ?-oryzanol. This study is conducted in two parts, hydrolysis and esterification/transesterification. In the first part, enzymatic hydrolysis. The study evaluates the performance of operating conditions using one factor at a time (OFAT) on the reaction time, temperature, lipase loading, water:RBAO ratio, and speed where glycerides removal and ?-oryzanol loss are measured as responses. From these, Face-centered central composite rotatable design (FCCD) was used to investigate the effects of three independent variables: time, temperature, and water:RBAO ratio, and their interactions on the responses: glyceride removal, ?-oryzanol loss, and FFAs production, and to determine the statistical models describing their relationships. In addition, by applying the desirability function approach, the optimal location was identified, corresponding to maximal glyceride removal with an imposed upper limit of 35% ?-oryzanol loss. Lastly, the last section is the confirmation of the validity of the model and at an established optimal condition of 22 h, 48.5 ?C and 1:1 water:RBAO ratio, confirmed the validity of the models: glyceride removal approached completion (99%), ?-oryzanol loss was as low as 32%, and the FFAs production was 7375%. Then the second part is enzymatic esterification/transesterification. First is to evaluate the performance of operating conditions using OFAT of ethanol to RBAO molar ratio, temperature, time of reaction, lipase loading, and speed on the glycerides removal, Fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE/biodiesel), ?-oryzanol loss, and FFAs remaining. Two optimal conditions at 40?C, 3:1 and 5:1 mol ratio of ethanol to RBAO,10% of lipase loading,200 rpm, and 18 and 24 h reaction time, respectively with >98% glyceride removal. Then, the extraction of ?-oryzanol from FAEE using aqueous ethanolic NaOH is conducted and resultant that around 90% of ?-oryzanol can be extracted at 2M. As a primary step to recover ?-oryzanol from RBAO, glycerides must be removed by conversion into more easily separable components such as FFAs or FAEE. The results of this study demonstrated that enzymatic hydrolysis and esterification/transesterification are promising methods for glyceride removal prior to recovery of ?-oryzanol from RBAO and that the statistical models gave accurate predictions of responses and would be useful for further industrial design of the process also is environmentally friendly biocatalysts. Further modifications in the process may be needed to reduce the content of glycerides. Moreover, the losses of ?-oryzanol from these two methods are much better than the conventional method and are interesting to explore further.�

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Non‐fuel uses for fatty acid methyl esters

Cited by 6 publications

References 80 publications

Enhancing Recovery Yield of Vegetable Oil Methyl Ester for Bioresin Production: A Comparison Study Using Acid Neutralization

Enhancing Recovery Yield of Vegetable Oil Methyl Ester for Bioresin Production: A Comparison Study Using Acid Neutralization

Efficient and Stable Rice Husk Bioderived Silica Supported Cu2S-FeS for One Pot Esterification and Transesterification of a Malaysian Palm Fatty Acid Distillate

Enzymatic pretreatment of rice bran acid oil before ?-oryzanol recovery

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