CRISPR‐Cas system manipulating nanoparticles signal transduction for cancer diagnosis

Abstract

Early diagnosis of cancer is important to improve the survival rate and relieve patient pain. Sensitive detection of cancer related biomarkers in body fluids is a critical approach for the early diagnosis of cancer. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat‐associated protein (CRISPR‐Cas) system has emerged as a molecular manipulation technology because of its simple detection procedure, high base resolution, and isothermal signal amplification. Recently, various nanomaterials with unique optical and electrical characteristics have been introduced as the novel signal transducers to enhance the detection performance of CRISPR‐Cas‐based nanosensors. This review summarizes the working mechanisms of the CRISPR‐Cas system for biosensing. It also enumerates the strategies of CRISPR‐manipulated nanosensors based on various signal models for cancer diagnosis, including colorimetric, fluorescence, electrochemical, electrochemiluminescence, pressure, and other signals. Finally, the prospects and challenges of CRISPR‐Cas‐based nanosensors for cancer diagnostic are also discussed. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing

CRISPR/Cas and Argonaute-Based Biosensors for Pathogen Detection

“…Successfully used to detect various infectious viruses , and pathogenic bacteria . Recently, various nanomaterials with unique optical and electrical properties have been introduced as novel signal sensors, improving the detection performance of nanobiosensors CRISPR/Cas systems-based . Guo and colleagues, for instance, listed various nanobiosensors CRISPR/Cas system-based and came to the conclusion that the future of biosensing research lies in the trans-cutting activity of metal nanoparticles utilizing CRISPR/Cas effectors.…”

“…37 Recently, various nanomaterials with unique optical and electrical properties have been introduced as novel signal sensors, improving the detection performance of nanobiosensors CRISPR/Cas systems-based. 67 Guo and colleagues, for instance, listed various nanobiosensors CRISPR/Cas system-based and came to the conclusion that the future of biosensing research lies in the trans-cutting activity of metal nanoparticles utilizing CRISPR/Cas effectors. This has prompted the development of innovative nanobiosensors to identify various targets (e.g., viral infections, genetic mutations).…”

Nanotechnology and Cancer Bioelectricity: Bridging the Gap Between Biology and Translational Medicine

“…[89,181] They can be designed according to the specific application, mainly for targeting, imaging, and sensing purposes. [24,133,134,174,182] (i) Targeting. By functionalizing the nanoparticles with a suitable chemistry, such as antibodies, cancer cells can be bound with high specificity and sensitivity.…”

“…[185] Recently, various nanomaterials with unique optical and electrical characteristics have been introduced as the novel signal transducers to enhance the detection performance of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas)-based nanosensors for cancer diagnostics, exploiting colorimetry, fluorescence, electrochemistry, electrochemiluminescence, and other optical methods. [134] Photochemotherapy mediated by nanoparticles is also an emerging research field. In a recent work, PCN-224 was functionalized with dopamine monomer and loaded with the prodrug banoxantrone (AQ4N).…”

“…[ 132 ] Nanoparticles were demonstrated to be a promising tool to identify and target cancer cells altered surface charges for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. [ 24,133–135 ] To this regard, nanotechnology may have the potential of bridging the gap between biology and translational medicine. In particular, it could target at the same time scientific advancement and technological advancement as two independent, yet related, objectives: Scientific Advancement: knowledge as the main goal .…”