Scoping review on clinical definition of bovine respiratory disease complex and related clinical signs in dairy cows

Ferraro, Salvatore; Fecteau, Gilles; Dubuc, J.; Francoz, David; Rousseau, Marjolaine; Roy, Jean‐Philippe; Buczinski, Sébastien

doi:10.3168/jds.2020-19471

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…BRD can present with a range of symptoms in varying severity 16 , 62 , therefore it is possible that the correction for a high temperature ensures that calves with BRD but with few clinical signs were identified correctly as sick. In contrast, correcting for both rectal temperature and treatment reduced model performance in comparison to correcting for a high temperature alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the most common way to identify a calf with BRD is by using a clinical scoring system, such as the widely adopted Wisconsin Scoring System 14 . Unfortunately, the multifactorial nature of BRD and often late onset of clinical signs, makes it challenging to prevent and diagnose early using typical monitoring and scoring systems 15 , 16 . Furthermore, close monitoring of individuals is becoming increasingly difficult within larger modern intensive systems 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Early detection of bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned dairy calves using sensor based feeding, movement, and social behavioural data

Bushby,

Thomas,

Vázquez-Diosdado

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Previous research shows that feeding and activity behaviours in combination with machine learning algorithms has the potential to predict the onset of bovine respiratory disease (BRD). This study used 229 novel and previously researched feeding, movement, and social behavioural features with machine learning classification algorithms to predict BRD events in pre-weaned calves. Data for 172 group housed calves were collected using automatic milk feeding machines and ultrawideband location sensors. Health assessments were carried out twice weekly using a modified Wisconsin scoring system and calves were classified as sick if they had a Wisconsin score of five or above and/or a rectal temperature of 39.5 °C or higher. A gradient boosting machine classification algorithm produced moderate to high performance: accuracy (0.773), precision (0.776), sensitivity (0.625), specificity (0.872), and F1-score (0.689). The most important 30 features were 40% feeding, 50% movement, and 10% social behavioural features. Movement behaviours, specifically the distance walked per day, were most important for model prediction, whereas feeding and social features aided in the model’s prediction minimally. These results highlighting the predictive potential in this area but the need for further improvement before behavioural changes can be used to reliably predict the onset of BRD in pre-weaned calves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early detection of bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned dairy calves using sensor based feeding, movement, and social behavioural data

Bushby,

Thomas,

Vázquez-Diosdado

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…In this study, a high rate of coinfection was detected between S. equi and EIV, and ERBV and EHV-4. Coinfections with various respiratory pathogens are well described and understood in cattle as bovine respiratory disease complex [ 16 ]. Viruses damage the respiratory epithelium, impairing both mucociliary clearance and phagocytic activity of macrophages and dendritic cells; hence, one could hypothesize that viral coinfections might predispose bacterial colonization of the respiratory tract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voluntary Biosurveillance of Streptococcus equi Subsp. equi in Nasal Secretions of 9409 Equids with Upper Airway Infection in the USA

Jaramillo

James

Barnum

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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This study aimed to describe selected epidemiological aspects of horses with acute onset of fever and respiratory signs testing qPCR-positive for S. equi and to determine the effect of vaccination against S. equi on qPCR status. Horses with acute onset of fever and respiratory signs from all regions of the United States were included in a voluntary biosurveillance program from 2008 to 2020 and nasal secretions were tested via qPCR for S. equi and common respiratory viruses. A total of 715/9409 equids (7.6%) tested qPCR-positive for S. equi, with 226 horses showing coinfections with EIV, EHV-1, EHV-4, and ERBV. The median age for the S. equi qPCR-positive horses was 8 ± 4 years and there was significant difference when compared to the median age of the S. equi qPCR-negative horses (6 ± 2 years; p = 0.004). Quarter Horse, Warmblood, and Thoroughbred were the more frequent breed in this horse population, and these breeds were more likely to test qPCR-positive for S. equi compared to other breeds. There was not statistical difference for sex between S. equi qPCR-positive and qPCR-negative horses. Horses used for competition and ranch/farm use were more likely to test qPCR-positive for S. equi (p = 0.006). Horses that tested S. equi qPCR-positive were more likely to display nasal discharge, fever, lethargy, anorexia, and ocular discharge compared to horses that tested S. equi qPCR-negative (p = 0.001). Vaccination against S. equi was associated with a lower frequency of S. equi qPCR-positive status.

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“…Calves were characterized as diseased due to the demonstration of a combination of at least four of the following clinical manifestations indicative of BRD: fever (>40 °C), cough, nasal and/or ocular discharge, and dyspnea [ 25 ]. Dairy calves without any of these clinical manifestations were classified as asymptomatic.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Mycoplasma bovirhinis in the Development of Singular and Concomitant Respiratory Infections in Dairy Calves from Southern Brazil

Frucchi,

Dall Agnol,

Caldart

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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The role of Mycoplasma bovirhinis in the development of pulmonary disease in cattle is controversial and was never evaluated in cattle from Latin America. This study investigated the respiratory infection dynamics associated with M. bovirhinis in suckling calves from 15 dairy cattle herds in Southern Brazil. Nasal swabs were obtained from asymptomatic (n = 102) and calves with clinical manifestations (n = 103) of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and used in molecular assays to identify the specific genes of viral and bacterial disease pathogens of BRD. Only M. bovirhinis, bovine coronavirus (BCoV), ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvGHV2), Histophilus somni, Pasteurella multocida, and Mannheimia haemolytica were detected. M. bovirhinis was the most frequently diagnosed pathogen in diseased (57.8%; 59/102) and asymptomatic (55.3%; 57/103) calves at all farms. BCoV-related infections were diagnosed in diseased (52%; 53/102) and asymptomatic (51.4%; 53/103) calves and occurred in 93.3% (14/15) of all farms. Similarly, infectious due to OvGHV2 occurred in diseased (37.2%; 38/102) and asymptomatic (27.2%; /28/103) calves and were diagnosed in 80% (12/15) of all farms investigated. Significant statistical differences were not identified when the two groups of calves were compared at most farms, except for infections due to OvGHV2 that affected five calves at one farm. These results demonstrated that the respiratory infection dynamics of M. bovirhinis identified in Southern Brazil are similar to those observed worldwide, suggesting that there is not enough sufficient collected data to consider M. bovirhinis as a pathogen of respiratory infections in cattle. Additionally, the possible roles of BCoV and OvGHV2 in the development of BRD are discussed.

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Scoping review on clinical definition of bovine respiratory disease complex and related clinical signs in dairy cows

Cited by 14 publications

References 57 publications

Early detection of bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned dairy calves using sensor based feeding, movement, and social behavioural data

Early detection of bovine respiratory disease in pre-weaned dairy calves using sensor based feeding, movement, and social behavioural data

Voluntary Biosurveillance of Streptococcus equi Subsp. equi in Nasal Secretions of 9409 Equids with Upper Airway Infection in the USA

The Role of Mycoplasma bovirhinis in the Development of Singular and Concomitant Respiratory Infections in Dairy Calves from Southern Brazil

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