Sciurus niger

Koprowski, John L.

doi:10.2307/3504263

Cited by 58 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…This was not unique (Koprowski 1994), but the portion of the females Weigl et al 1989Weigl et al 1985Weigl et al -1986 Rural --0.10-0.88 Herkert et al 1992Herkert et al 1984Herkert et al -1986 Rural --0.58 Harnishfeger et al 1978Harnishfeger et al 1968Harnishfeger et al -1976 Rural 0.38 0.12 0.50 a Averages were from the present study b Averages from this portion of the study were from non-manipulated grids c Averages from this portion of the study were from girds which experimentally removed females reproducing annually (1.23) and during the summer/fall (0.73) was exceptional when compared with studies of rural populations (Table 1). With the exception of one study showing compensatory reproduction after the removal of females (Hansen and Nixon 1985) no study has ever shown annually reproductive success >1.0.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Fox squirrels are a common tree squirrel found throughout rural and urban areas in the mid-western and southeastern United States (Flyger 1974;Adams 1994). Reproductive intensity in fox squirrel populations varies by litter size (Harnishfeger et al 1978) and the portion of females producing two litters during the year (Brown and Yeager 1945;McCloskey and Vohs 1971;Koprowski 1994). Fox squirrel populations typically have litters during the spring and to a lesser extent in the late summer and early fall; however, it is rare for an individual squirrel to produce two litters in a given year (Steele and Koprowski 2001).…”

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confidence: 96%

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Reproduction, juvenile survival and retention in an urban fox squirrel population

McCleery

2008

Urban Ecosyst

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Fox squirrels in an urban environment had an average litter size of 2.83 (95% CI 2.5, 3.16) which was similar to rural populations. Nonetheless, the proportion of squirrels reproductively active during the summer/fall breeding season (0.73) and annually (spring + summer/fall) was higher (1.23) than previously recorded for non-manipulated rural populations. The average monthly survival rate (Ŝ ¼ 0:960) of urban juvenile fox squirrels during the first 14 weeks of life was higher than reported for adult populations in the area. High rates of reproduction and juvenile survival yielded high juvenile to adult ratios (juveniles/adults) averaging 0.44. Retention of juveniles after 6 months (15%) was significantly less (χ 2 =7.24, p=0.0071) than adults/subadults (40%). Results suggest that the urban environment provides quality habitat for fox squirrels and fox squirrels in urban environments have the potential to be a source population for surrounding suburban and rural environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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confidence: 96%

Reproduction, juvenile survival and retention in an urban fox squirrel population

McCleery

2008

Urban Ecosyst

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“…Tree squirrels are obligates of mature forests (Gurnell, 1987;Steele & Koprowski, 2001) that depend heavily on mature trees for nests (Baumgartner, 1939;Wauters & Dhondt, 1990;Halloran & Bekoff, 1994;Young, Greer & Six, 2002) and food (Thompson & Thompson, 1980;Korschgen, 1981;Gurnell, 1987;Koprowski, 1991Koprowski, , 1994aKoprowski, , 1994bKoprowski & Corse, 2001;Steele & Koprowski, 2001). As a result, habitat fragments are relatively easily defined by humans at a scale that is probably meaningful to the organism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The response of tree squirrels to fragmentation: a review and synthesis

Koprowski

2005

Animal Conservation

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Habitat fragmentation is often considered a major threat to biodiversity; however, our understanding of how fragmentation impacts populations is poor. Identifying appropriate models for such studies is difficult. Tree squirrels are dependent on mature forests for food, cover and nests; these are habitats that are being fragmented rapidly and that are easily defined by humans. Squirrels represent excellent models for study of fragmentation. The literature on tree squirrels was reviewed to glean data on density and home-range size in forest fragments. Sufficient data were available on four species (Sciurus carolinensis, S. niger, S. vulgaris, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). Density was negatively related to fragment size for S. carolinensis and S. niger and marginally so for T. hudsonicus. Sciurus vulgaris did not exhibit this relationship. Home-range size was analysed for three species of Sciurus and was positively related to forest fragment size for S. carolinensis and S. niger. Again, only S. vulgaris did not to show this relationship. Sciurus vulgaris is rarely found in small forest fragments and is believed to be especially sensitive to fragmentation; other tree squirrels appear to be sensitive to fragmentation in more subtle ways. Home range compaction provides a mechanism by which densities may increase in small fragments. The demographic consequences resultant from the high densities of squirrels found in small woodlots are not known but may explain the forest damage, avian nest predation and reduced diversity often cited to occur in woodland fragments.

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“…Fox squirrels are known to nest in tree cavities (Baumgartner 1939, Koprowski 1994 and the abundance of tree cavities within woodlots increases with woodlot age (Newton 1994). I was unable to document the abundance of tree cavities in the woodlots surveyed in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Distribution Patterns of Sciurus niger (Eastern Fox Squirrel) Leaf Nests Within Woodlots Across a Suburban/Urban Landscape

Salsbury

2008

Northeastern Naturalist

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Salsbury, C. M. (2008). Distribution patterns of sciurus niger (eastern fox squirrel) leaf nests within woodlots across a suburban/urban landscape. Northeastern Naturalist, 15 (4), pp. 485-496. doi:10.1656/1092-6194-15.4 Only 8.0% of nests were located in a tree with another nest, and nests were randomly distributed in all but one woodlot, where they were uniformly dispersed. Nest density was not signifi cantly related to woodlot size, approximate age, shape, or degree of isolation. Fox squirrel leaf nests were not found in greater densities along the edge of each woodlot, contrary to previous reports. My results suggest that the distribution patterns of fox squirrels within suburban/urban landscapes are similar to patterns within landscapes fragmented by agriculture.

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Sciurus niger

Cited by 58 publications

References 0 publications

Reproduction, juvenile survival and retention in an urban fox squirrel population

Reproduction, juvenile survival and retention in an urban fox squirrel population

The response of tree squirrels to fragmentation: a review and synthesis

Distribution Patterns of Sciurus niger (Eastern Fox Squirrel) Leaf Nests Within Woodlots Across a Suburban/Urban Landscape

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