Science of the Nail Apparatus

Berker, Dilek; Baran, Robert

doi:10.1002/9781118286715.ch1

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 353 publications

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“…The pathogenesis of parrot beak nails remains to be established. The nail plate has three zones: the physically hard dorsal nail plate and thin (one to two cells in thickness) ventral nail plate have higher phospholipid, calcium, and sulfhydryl group contents in comparison with the encompassed, intermediate nail plate, which has higher acid phosphatase activity [ 7 ]. Since the abnormal curvature may be rescued following water submersion, the etiology of idiopathic parrot beak nails may involve aberrances in hydrophobic phospholipid content in one of the three nail plate zones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parrot Beak Nails Revisited: Case Series and Comprehensive Review

Chen

Cohen

2017

Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)

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The term “parrot beak nail” describes a morphologic change of the nail plate characterized by excessive forward curvature. It may be associated with systemic disease or, most commonly, occurs as an idiopathic finding complicated by delayed nail plate trimming. The characteristics of parrot beak nails in ten men are described, and the features of this acquired nail deformity are reviewed. Of the ten patients, six presented with concurrent neuropathies that resulted in frequent foot injuries or falls. While the true incidence of parrot beak nails is unknown, this nail deformity occurred in 2.1 % of patients seen by a single physician during a 3-month period. In conclusion, parrot beak nails secondary to poor nail care may lead to functional impairment, tissue injury, and subsequent infections. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to look for these nail lesions on cutaneous examination and recommend frequent nail trimmings to individuals with parrot beak nails.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parrot Beak Nails Revisited: Case Series and Comprehensive Review

Chen

Cohen

2017

Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)

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“…The nail is an opalescent window through to the vascular nail bed [ 69 ]. Anchoring of nails is achieved by nail matrix (nail root), which can be divided into three main parts [ 70 , 71 ]; the dorsal matrix, the intermediate matrix and the ventral matrix (nail bed).…”

Section: Natural Joint Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Natural Joint Systems and Numerical Investigation of Bio-Inspired GFRP-to-Steel Joints

Avgoulas

Sutcliffe

2016

Materials

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There are a great variety of joint types used in nature which can inspire engineering joints. In order to design such biomimetic joints, it is at first important to understand how biological joints work. A comprehensive literature review, considering natural joints from a mechanical point of view, was undertaken. This was used to develop a taxonomy based on the different methods/functions that nature successfully uses to attach dissimilar tissues. One of the key methods that nature uses to join dissimilar materials is a transitional zone of stiffness at the insertion site. This method was used to propose bio-inspired solutions with a transitional zone of stiffness at the joint site for several glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) to steel adhesively bonded joint configurations. The transition zone was used to reduce the material stiffness mismatch of the joint parts. A numerical finite element model was used to identify the optimum variation in material stiffness that minimises potential failure of the joint. The best bio-inspired joints showed a 118% increase of joint strength compared to the standard joints.

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“…The nail unit is surrounded by soft tissue, vessels, and nerves. The nail originates at the matrix and is attached to the nail bed [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subungual Calcification and Nail Dystrophy: A Case of a Man With Subungual Calcinosis Cutis and an Associated Split Nail Plate

Haddad

Uebelhoer²,

Erickson

et al. 2021

Cureus

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A dystrophic nail is an alteration of the physical appearance and structural properties of the nail from its shape, color, and texture, which can result from multiple etiologies. Calcinosis cutis is a condition that refers to the calcium deposition in the skin and underlying tissue. A 55-year-old man who presented with a split right thumbnail associated with subungual calcinosis cutis affecting the same digit for a duration of nine years is described. He did not recall trauma to the affected area. Microscopic evaluation of the tissue specimen obtained following a biopsy of the affected digit's nail matrix showed foci of calcium in the dermis. The correlation of his clinical presentation and biopsy findings established a diagnosis of subungual calcinosis cutis. Subungual calcification has been observed in several clinical settings. In addition to subungual calcinosis cutis, it has been noted as a normal finding in elderly individuals. In addition, it has been observed in patients with scleroderma or following trauma to the site. Less commonly, subungual calcification can be associated with idiopathic conditions: calcifying aponeurotic fibroma, digital calcinosis circumscripta, subepidermal calcified nodule, and calcified subungual epidermoid inclusion.

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Science of the Nail Apparatus

Cited by 22 publications

References 353 publications

Parrot Beak Nails Revisited: Case Series and Comprehensive Review

Parrot Beak Nails Revisited: Case Series and Comprehensive Review

A Review of Natural Joint Systems and Numerical Investigation of Bio-Inspired GFRP-to-Steel Joints

Subungual Calcification and Nail Dystrophy: A Case of a Man With Subungual Calcinosis Cutis and an Associated Split Nail Plate

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