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Cited by 1,024 publications
(465 citation statements)
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References 111 publications
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“…Ammonia Methanol Hydrogen Methane Gasoline Thus, several research teams recently focused on ammonia combustion in order to overcome those challenges, as summarized by Valera-Medina et al [7]. Several practical technologies and end-uses were studied, such as gas turbines [8], compression-and sparkignited Internal Combustion Engines (ICE). Investigating ammonia combustion in ICE serves the global understanding of ammonia properties and it could be particularly useful for future maritime engines, truck engines or stationary power generators applications.…”
Section: Speciesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Ammonia Methanol Hydrogen Methane Gasoline Thus, several research teams recently focused on ammonia combustion in order to overcome those challenges, as summarized by Valera-Medina et al [7]. Several practical technologies and end-uses were studied, such as gas turbines [8], compression-and sparkignited Internal Combustion Engines (ICE). Investigating ammonia combustion in ICE serves the global understanding of ammonia properties and it could be particularly useful for future maritime engines, truck engines or stationary power generators applications.…”
Section: Speciesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Following these considerations, several studies focused on ammonia combustion, addressing many of the remaining challenges regarding NH 3 fundamental combustion properties, chemical kinetics modeling or combustion in gas turbines and internal combustion engines as single or dual fuel [8,9]. A major drawback of NH 3 as a fuel is its very low combustion intensity, as illustrated by its Laminar Burning Velocity (LBV), which is one order of magnitude smaller than that of conventional hydrocarbons in atmospheric conditions [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…auto-ignition temperature • C 250 500-577 500-577 650-657 [7,8,12] Boiling temperature at 1atm • C N/A N/A −253 −33.4 [8,9] Condensation pressure at 25 • C atm N/A N/A N/A 9.90 [8] Hydrogen content % by mass N/A 100.0 100.0 17.8 [7,8] The volumetric energy density of liquid ammonia is higher than that of liquid hydrogen, which is one of the attractions for fuel storage onboard, as shown in Table 1. Moreover, the storage requirements of ammonia are similar to those of propane, with ammonia in liquid form at room temperature (25 • C) when pressurized to 9.9 atm or temperature of −33.4 • C at atmospheric pressure [8]. The main benefits of using NH 3 as fuel when compared to H 2 are as follows.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%