School air quality related to dry cough, rhinitis and nasal patency in children

Simoni, Marzia; Annesi-Maesano, I.; Sigsgaard, Torben; Norbäck, Dan; Wieslander, Gunilla; Nystad, Wenche; Canciani, Mario; Sestini, Piersante; Viegi, Giovanni

doi:10.1183/09031936.00016309

Cited by 172 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Although this effect might be smaller than other risk factors, it has a high potential for modification through simple ventilation strategies. In fact, in 90 % of the measurements in our sample, the recommended limit of 1,000 ppm (1,800 mg/m 3 ) [2] was exceeded as previously reported in schools [20], reinforcing the importance of the dissemination of better ventilation practices. Improving ventilation rates was recently associated with reduced student absences due to illness at elementary schools [13].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Concentration of CO 2 , temperature and relative humidity determinations were taken, as they are easy to measure and reliable indicators of indoor air contamination due to human presence (CO 2 ) and indoor comfort. The association between CO 2 concentration and respiratory illnesses in school aged children has been reported [20,7]. In addition, the Presented frequencies concern the 143 evaluated rooms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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CO2 concentration in day care centres is related to wheezing in attending children

et al. 2014

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Poor ventilation at day care centres (DCCs) was already reported, although its effects on attending children are not clear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between wheezing in children and indoor CO 2 (a ventilation surrogate marker) in DCC and to identify behaviours and building characteristics potentially related to CO 2 . In phase I, 45 DCCs from Lisbon and Oporto (Portugal) were selected through a proportional stratified random sampling. In phase II, 3 months later, 19 DCCs were further reassessed after cluster analysis for the greatest difference comparison. In both phases, children's respiratory health was assessed by ISAAC-derived questionnaires. Indoor CO 2 concentrations and building Communicated by David NadalWhat is known-what is new: Poor ventilation at day care centres (DCC) was already reported. The results of the present study suggest that poor ventilation in DCC could be related to wheezing in children. Even though natural actions could not be sufficient to provide ventilation and reduce CO 2 to acceptable levels, the increment of natural ventilation through effective open window practices and adjusting the number of children in each classroom may be considered.P. Carreiro-Martins : I. Caires : J. Araújo-Martins :

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

CO2 concentration in day care centres is related to wheezing in attending children

et al. 2014

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“…Recently, LOGUE et al [31] , respectively. Similar concentrations were found in offices or schools [32][33][34][35]. In developing or emerging countries, compared with industrialised ones, higher indoor concentrations are often observed [3], in particular for nitrogen dioxide and PM2.5, due to differences in cooking and heating habits (see section on rural areas).…”

Section: Geographical Variations In Iaq In Industrialised Countriesmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…In a cohort of 150 asthmatic children, PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 concentrations, assessed three times every 3 months, were positively associated with the incidence rate of several respiratory symptoms, including cough, asthma symptoms and wheezing [121]. A pilot study on IAQ in a sample of schools in five European countries found that nasal patency was significantly lower in schoolchildren exposed to PM10 concentrations .50 mg?m -3 than in those exposed to concentrations ,50 mg?m -3 [34]. An increased risk of past-year asthma was found in 401 classrooms with high levels of particulate matter (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.05-1.39) [35].…”

Section: Particulate Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory health and indoor air pollutants based on quantitative exposure assessments

et al. 2012

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We reviewed the main epidemiological studies that evaluate the respiratory effects of indoor air pollutants quantitatively in industrialised countries. Consistent results support short-term (aggravation) and, although more rarely, long-term (prevalence augmentation) effects on asthma, chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in indoor settings with poor air quality. Environmental tobacco smoke is one of the most important risks for respiratory symptoms and diseases worldwide. The evidence is also reliable for indoor nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter, which have been associated with asthma, bronchitis and COPD. Whereas formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds seem to be the main pollutants in indoor settings, relevant papers on their respiratory effects are still scarce, and limited to asthma and bronchitis. Moulds have been associated with an increased risk of asthma and COPD. Contradictory results have been found between endotoxins and asthma. The role of phthalates, persistent organic pollutants and flame retardants in respiratory diseases remains to be established. Results from rural areas of industrialised countries indicate that exposure to some indoor bio-contaminants might be protective in early life, while it is associated with adverse respiratory adverse effects in adulthood. Studies focusing on indoor air pollutants should be developed to better understand their involvement in the inception and aggravation of respiratory diseases.

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“…Since the indoor concentration of NO 2 may be even more elevated than outdoor levels (Lee et al, 2002), there has been increased interest in recent decades in indoor NO 2 pollution, and various research programs on the health effects of indoor air quality have been developed worldwide, regarding both school (Simoni et al, 2010(Simoni et al, , 2011 and domestic (Gillespie-Bennett et al, 2011;Belanger et al, 2013) indoor environments. Children spend most of their time each day in indoor environments (Klepeis et al, 2001), and it appears that exposure to higher home indoor -and not outdoor -NO 2 levels is associated with an increased frequency of respiratory symptoms and poorer respiratory function in asthmatic children (Gillespie-Bennett et al, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of indoor nitrogen dioxide on lung function in urban environment

Cibella

Cuttitta

Maggiore

et al. 2015

Environmental Research

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a b s t r a c tBackground: High levels of indoor NO 2 are associated with increased asthma symptoms and decreased expiratory peak flows in children. We investigated the association of exposure to domestic indoor NO 2 , objectively measured in winter and spring, with respiratory symptoms and lung function in a sample of adolescents from a southern Mediterranean area. Methods: From a large school population sample (n ¼2150) participating in an epidemiological survey in the urban area of the City of Palermo (southern Italy), a sub-sample of 303 adolescents was selected which furnished an enriched sample for cases of current asthma. All subjects were evaluated by a health questionnaire, skin prick tests and spirometry. One-week indoor NO 2 monitoring of their homes was performed by diffusive sampling during spring and again during winter. Results: We found that about 25% of subjects were exposed to indoor NO 2 levels higher than the 40 mg/m 3 World Health Organization limit, during both spring and winter. Moreover, subjects exposed to the highest indoor NO 2 concentrations had increased frequency of current asthma (p ¼0.005), wheeze episodes in the last 12 months (po0.001), chronic phlegm (p¼ 0.013), and rhinoconjunctivitis (p¼ 0.008). Finally, subjects with a personal history of wheeze ever had poorer respiratory function (FEF 25-75% , p ¼0.01) when exposed to higher indoor NO 2 concentrations. Conclusions: Home exposure to high indoor NO 2 levels frequently occurs in adolescents living in a southern Mediterranean urban area and is significantly associated with the risks for increased frequency of both respiratory symptoms and reduced lung function.

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School air quality related to dry cough, rhinitis and nasal patency in children

Cited by 172 publications

References 26 publications

CO2 concentration in day care centres is related to wheezing in attending children

CO2 concentration in day care centres is related to wheezing in attending children

Respiratory health and indoor air pollutants based on quantitative exposure assessments

Effect of indoor nitrogen dioxide on lung function in urban environment

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