Schizoaffective illness, schizophrenia and affective disorders: morbidity risk and genetic transmission

Baron, Miron; Gruen, Rhoda; Asnis, L; Kane, Jeremy C.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00845.x

Cited by 157 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Although BP and schizophrenia do not show significant coaggregation in families, there is evidence for overlap. [58][59][60] Specifically, relatives of both bipolar and schizophrenic patients are at increased risk for schizoaffective disorder (a condition combining clinical features of both disorders) and depression. Also, relatives of schizoaffective patients show elevated rates of BP, schizophrenia and depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a putative bipolar disorder locus on 2p13–16 and other potential loci on 4q31, 7q34, 8q13, 9q31, 10q21–24, 13q32, 14q21 and 17q11–12

et al. 2003

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Bipolar disorder (BP) is a severe and common psychiatric disorder characterized by extreme mood swings. Family, twin and adoption studies strongly support a genetic component. The mode of inheritance is complex and likely involves multiple, as yet unidentified genes. To identify susceptibility loci, we conducted a genome-wide scan with 343 microsatellite markers in one of the largest, well-characterized pedigree samples assembled to date (373 individuals in 40 pedigrees). To increase power to detect linkage, scan statistics were used to examine the logarithm of odds (lod) scores based on evidence at adjacent chromosomal loci. This analysis yielded significant evidence of linkage (genome-wide Po0.05) for markers on 2p13-16. Standard linkage analysis was also supportive of linkage to 2p13-16 (lod ¼ 3.20), and identified several other interesting regions: 4q31 (lod ¼ 3.16), 7q34 (lod ¼ 2.78), 8q13 (lod ¼ 2.06), 9q31 (lod ¼ 2.07), 10q24 (lod ¼ 2.79), 13q32 (lod ¼ 2.2), 14q21 (lod ¼ 2.36) and 17q11-12 (lod ¼ 2.75). In this systematic, large-scale study, we identified novel putative loci for BP (on 2p13-16, 8q13 and 14q21) and found support for previously proposed loci (on 4q31, 7q34, 9q31, 10q21-24, 13q32 and 17q11-12). Two of the regions implicated in our study, 2p13-14 and 13q32, have also been linked to schizophrenia, suggesting that the two disorders may have susceptibility genes in common.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for a putative bipolar disorder locus on 2p13–16 and other potential loci on 4q31, 7q34, 8q13, 9q31, 10q21–24, 13q32, 14q21 and 17q11–12

et al. 2003

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“…Angst found the risk of schizophrenia and affective disorder to be approximately equal in first-degree relatives of schizoaffective probands and the risk of schizoaffective illness less than that of either of the prototypical psychotic illnesses 38 . In two other studies, one by Tsuang 39 and the other by Baron 40 , schizoaffective disorder was found to be more closely related to affective Journal of Psychiatry • January 2014 illness than schizophrenia, both authors concluding that schizoaffective illness is genetically not separate from the major psychoses.…”

Section: Genetic Implications Of Unipolar Mania and Schizoaffective Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unipolar mania reconsidered evidence from a South African study

Grobler¹,

Jl²

2014

Afr J Psychiatry

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Objective: There is a lack of studies that examine prevalence and phenomenology of bipolar disorder in Africa. In literature, a unipolar manic course of illness in particular is reported to be rare. The purpose of this study was to investigate and describe the course of illness and clinical features for a cross-section of patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder attending public hospitals in Limpopo Province, South Africa and to determine the rate of a unipolar manic course in this sample of patients. Method: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study of patients presenting with a history of mania between October 2009 and April 2010, to three hospitals in Limpopo Province. A purposeful sample of 103 patients was recruited and interviewed using the Affective Disorders Evaluation. Results: This study confirms that a unipolar manic course is indeed much more common than occurrences suggested in present day literature, with 57% of the study sample ever experiencing manic episodes. Patients presenting with a unipolar manic course of illness, as described in this study, may contribute to the search for an etiologically homogeneous sub-group, which presents a unique phenotype for genetic research and the search for genetic markers in mental illness. With a view to future research, a unipolar manic course therefore needs to be considered as a specifier in diagnostic systems in order to increase the awareness of such a course of illness in bipolar disorder. Conclusion: Fifty seven percent (57%) of study subjects had only ever experienced manic episodes, which is in keeping with findings from Africa and other non-Western countries. Identifying etiologically homogenous subgroups in psychiatry can also aid the profession in developing a reliable and valid nosology for psychiatric disorders. We need to consider a unipolar manic course at least a specifier in DSM and ICD.

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“…[15][16][17] Consistent with these results, a large number of family studies have demon-strated an increased risk of MDD among relatives of MDD probands, with about a two-fold increased risk to first-degree relatives. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Early age at onset of the first major depressive episode 21,[24][25][26][27][28] as well as recurrence 21,[29][30][31] are independent factors that increase the morbid risk of MDD among family members. In a recent study of 81 families ascertained through adult probands with recurrent (Ն two episodes), early-onset (onset Յ 25 years) MDD (RE-MDD), 7 over one third of first-degree relatives and nearly one fifth of extended relatives suffered from MDD, prevalence rates that were 7.7 and 3.8 times greater than the corresponding population rates reported by the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

D2S2944 identifies a likely susceptibility locus for recurrent, early-onset, major depression in women

et al. 2002

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Recurrent, early-onset, major depressive disorder (RE-MDD) is a strongly familial condition whose malignant effects have a significant negative impact on the health and longevity of patients and their family members. Sixteen of the 19 candidate susceptibility loci identified by a recent genome survey revealed allelic associations with RE-MDD in men or women, but not in both sexes. The association of D2S2944 alleles and genotypes with RE-MDD and related disorders was evaluated using a case-control study design employing 100 adults with RE-MDD and 100 adult controls who had no personal or family history of mental disorders. The results of the case-control study were subsequently evaluated in a sample of 81 families ascertained through probands with RE-MDD using the transmission/disequilibrium test. The frequency of the D2S2944 124-bp allele among women with RE-MDD was approximately three times that for female controls (P = 0.0003). Women who carried the D2S2944 124-bp allele revealed a significantly elevated risk of developing RE-MDD, as indicated by an odds ratio of 4.5 compared to female controls (PϽ0.001). In contrast, men with RE-MDD did not have an increased frequency of this allele compared to male controls, and men who were carriers did not exhibit an increased risk of developing RE-MDD or related disorders. Our findings also suggest that the D2S2944 124-bp allele increases the risk of alcohol and other substance use disorders among women with RE-MDD. The transmission/disequilibrium test provided confirmatory evidence of these sex-specific findings within families. The results of this study confirm the existence of sex-specific susceptibility loci for RE-MDD, and suggest that there may be important differences in the molecular pathophysiology of RE-MDD in men and women. Alternatively, our findings may reflect the existence of sex-specific differences in the molecular mechanisms that determine resilience to endogenous or environmental depressogenic stimuli. The identification and characterization of the D2S2944 susceptibility locus for RE-MDD and related substance use disorders is likely to provide important new insights into the clinical biology, treatment, and prevention of these disorders.

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Schizoaffective illness, schizophrenia and affective disorders: morbidity risk and genetic transmission

Cited by 157 publications

References 18 publications

Evidence for a putative bipolar disorder locus on 2p13–16 and other potential loci on 4q31, 7q34, 8q13, 9q31, 10q21–24, 13q32, 14q21 and 17q11–12

Evidence for a putative bipolar disorder locus on 2p13–16 and other potential loci on 4q31, 7q34, 8q13, 9q31, 10q21–24, 13q32, 14q21 and 17q11–12

Unipolar mania reconsidered evidence from a South African study

D2S2944 identifies a likely susceptibility locus for recurrent, early-onset, major depression in women

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