Schistosomes and Schistosomiasis in South Asia

Agrawal, M. C.

doi:10.1007/978-81-322-0539-5

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Praziquantel, depending on the fluke species and host animal, has limited efficacy against immature flukes. 21 , 22 Second, the cat could have continued to ingest infected lizards that are commonly found inside homes on St Kitts. Indoor-only cats have previously been found, via fecal examinations, to be positive for Platynosomum species (Ketzis and Shell, unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Praziquantel treatment for Platynosomum species infection of a domestic cat on St Kitts, West Indies

Shell

Ketzis

Hall

et al. 2015

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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Case summaryA 1-year-old, female spayed, domestic shorthair, indoor cat on the island of St Kitts was diagnosed with platynosomiasis, infection with a feline-specific liver fluke, and treated with praziquantel at the marketed dose for tapeworms (5 mg/kg; actual calculated dose 5.75 mg/kg). Serial fecal analyses showed that egg counts decreased to zero within 10 days of treatment but re-emerged at day 17 and persisted at low levels until a second treatment was administered on day 78. After the second treatment, all fecal samples (n = 15) from day 85 to day 350 post-initial treatment were negative for Platynosomum ova.Relevance and novel informationTreatment of platynosomiasis is poorly documented; no drugs are labeled for use against Platynosomum and the efficacy of suggested treatments is unknown. Using 5.75 mg/kg once, a dose that is significantly lower than published recommended doses for platynosomiasis, egg counts initially disappeared but re-emerged and persisted at low levels until a second treatment was administered. We hypothesize that immature forms may not have been killed and subsequently matured to produce eggs, or that the one-time dose may not have been completely effective at eliminating all adult flukes. However, administering praziquantel at 5.75 mg/kg twice, several weeks apart, appeared to be effective in treating this cat with platynosomiasis, as evidenced by monitoring of fecal egg counts over the course of 350 days.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Praziquantel treatment for Platynosomum species infection of a domestic cat on St Kitts, West Indies

Shell

Ketzis

Hall

et al. 2015

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Open Reports

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“…Most reported cases of dermatitis caused by the genus Schistosoma are from parasites that infect domesticated work animals, such as cattle and buffalo, mainly in Asia. For example, in countries such as India and Nepal, the species Schistosoma turkestanicum, Schistosoma nasale, Schistosoma indicum, and Schistosoma spindale are often implicated in outbreaks of dermatitis (29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38). This relationship may not be a surprise, as bovids are the definitive host, and the people in these areas depend upon these animals for their livelihood in farming.…”

Section: Diversity Of Schistosomes Causing Dermatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian Schistosomes and Outbreaks of Cercarial Dermatitis

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY Cercarial dermatitis (swimmer's itch) is a condition caused by infective larvae (cercariae) of a species-rich group of mammalian and avian schistosomes. Over the last decade, it has been reported in areas that previously had few or no cases of dermatitis and is thus considered an emerging disease. It is obvious that avian schistosomes are responsible for the majority of reported dermatitis outbreaks around the world, and thus they are the primary focus of this review. Although they infect humans, they do not mature and usually die in the skin. Experimental infections of avian schistosomes in mice show that in previously exposed hosts, there is a strong skin immune reaction that kills the schistosome. However, penetration of larvae into naive mice can result in temporary migration from the skin. This is of particular interest because the worms are able to migrate to different organs, for example, the lungs in the case of visceral schistosomes and the central nervous system in the case of nasal schistosomes. The risk of such migration and accompanying disorders needs to be clarified for humans and animals of interest (e.g., dogs). Herein we compiled the most comprehensive review of the diversity, immunology, and epidemiology of avian schistosomes causing cercarial dermatitis.

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“…Schistosomes are digenean flukes. A single miracidium larva can generate numerous infective cercariae through sporocyst in snail [9]. Hence, in absence of snails it cannot develop further.…”

Section: Risks Of Human Schistosomiasis In Indiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, several unique schistosome species of animals are prevalent in India [3]. The co-existence of several different species of schistosomes may result in newer hybrid strains pathogenic to man and the risk associated with these species as a potential source of human infection needs further research [3,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosome Infections: An Indian Perspective

Kali

2015

JCDR

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Schistosomes and Schistosomiasis in South Asia

Cited by 18 publications

References 38 publications

Praziquantel treatment for Platynosomum species infection of a domestic cat on St Kitts, West Indies

Praziquantel treatment for Platynosomum species infection of a domestic cat on St Kitts, West Indies

Avian Schistosomes and Outbreaks of Cercarial Dermatitis

Schistosome Infections: An Indian Perspective

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