Schistosoma mansoni antigen detects Schistosoma mekongi infection

Nickel, Beatrice; Sayasone, Somphou; Vonghachack, Youthanavanh; Odermatt, Peter; Marti, Hanspeter

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.08.001

Cited by 22 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…( S. haematobium , S. mekongi or S. japonicum ). The combination of both serological tests exhibits a sensitivity of 94.5% for S. mekongi infections and a specificity of 96% and 92% for AWE and SEA, respectively [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of novel and standard diagnostic tools for the detection of Schistosoma mekongi infection in Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Cambodia

et al. 2017

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BackgroundGiven the restricted distribution of Schistosoma mekongi in one province in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) and two provinces in Cambodia, together with progress of the national control programmes aimed at reducing morbidity and infection prevalence, the elimination of schistosomiasis mekongi seems feasible. However, sensitive diagnostic tools will be required to determine whether elimination has been achieved. We compared several standard and novel diagnostic tools in S. mekongi-endemic areas.MethodsThe prevalence and infection intensity of S. mekongi were evaluated in 377 study participants from four villages in the endemic areas in Lao PDR and Cambodia using Kato-Katz stool examination, antibody detection based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and schistosome circulating antigen detection by lateral-flow tests. Two highly sensitive test systems for the detection of cathodic and anodic circulating antigens (CCA, CAA) in urine and serum were utilized.ResultsStool microscopy revealed an overall prevalence of S. mekongi of 6.4% (one case in Cambodia and 23 cases in Lao PDR), while that of Opisthorchis viverrini, hookworm, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia spp. were 50.4%, 28.1%, 3.5%, 0.3% and 1.9%, respectively. In the urine samples, the tests for CCA and CAA detected S. mekongi infections in 21.0% and 38.7% of the study participants, respectively. In the serum samples, the CAA assay revealed a prevalence of 32.4%, while a combination of the CAA assay in serum and in urine revealed a prevalence of 43.2%. There was a difference between the two study locations with a higher prevalence reached in the samples from Lao PDR.ConclusionsThe CCA, CAA and ELISA results showed substantially higher prevalence estimates for S. mekongi compared to Kato-Katz thick smears. Active schistosomiasis mekongi in Lao PDR and Cambodia might thus have been considerably underestimated previously. Hence, sustained control efforts are still needed to break transmission of S. mekongi. The pivotal role of highly sensitive diagnostic assays in areas targeting elimination cannot be overemphasised.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-017-0335-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of novel and standard diagnostic tools for the detection of Schistosoma mekongi infection in Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Cambodia

et al. 2017

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“…Although the available serodiagnostic tools use antigen originating from S. mansoni, also infections due to the other Schistosoma spp. are detected with high sensitivity [86]. Obtaining S. mansoni worm and egg antigens from infected animals is a mandatory prerequisite for the development of the most commonly employed serodiagnostic tools.…”

Section: Serological Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New diagnostic tools in schistosomiasis

Utzinger

Becker

Lieshout

et al. 2015

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

226

225

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Schistosomiasis is a water-based parasitic disease that affects over 250 million people. Control efforts have long been in vain, which is one reason why schistosomiasis is considered a neglected tropical disease. However, since the new millennium, interventions against schistosomiasis are escalating. The initial impetus stems from a 2001 World Health Assembly resolution, urging member states to scale-up deworming of school-aged children with the anthelminthic drug praziquantel. Because praziquantel is safe, efficacious and inexpensive when delivered through the school platform, diagnosis before drug intervention was deemed unnecessary and not cost-effective. Hence, there was little interest in research and development of novel diagnostic tools. With the recent publication of the World Health Organization (WHO) Roadmap to overcome the impact of neglected tropical diseases in 2020, we have entered a new era. Elimination of schistosomiasis has become the buzzword and this has important ramifications for diagnostic tools. Indeed, measuring progress towards the WHO Roadmap and whether local elimination has been achieved requires highly accurate diagnostic assays. Here, we introduce target product profiles for diagnostic tools that are required for different stages of a schistosomiasis control programme. We provide an update of the latest developments in schistosomiasis diagnosis, including microscopic techniques, rapid diagnostic tests for antigen detection, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and proxy markers for morbidity assessments. Particular emphasis is placed on challenges and solutions for new technologies to enter clinical practice.

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“…caused infection could not be determined (142). S. mansoni adult worm and soluble egg antigens were also recently used successfully in the diagnosis of S. mekongi infection (143). Adult Schistosoma worm membrane extracts have been applied in immunoblots for detecting antibodies against S. intercalatum, and an alkaline phosphatase immune capture assay (APIA) has also been developed for diagnosing this infection in patients (144,145).…”

Section: Antibody Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Diagnosis of Human Schistosomiasis

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY Schistosomiasis is a major neglected tropical disease that afflicts more than 240 million people, including many children and young adults, in the tropics and subtropics. The disease is characterized by chronic infections with significant residual morbidity and is of considerable public health importance, with substantial socioeconomic impacts on impoverished communities. Morbidity reduction and eventual elimination through integrated intervention measures are the focuses of current schistosomiasis control programs. Precise diagnosis of schistosome infections, in both mammalian and snail intermediate hosts, will play a pivotal role in achieving these goals. Nevertheless, despite extensive efforts over several decades, the search for sensitive and specific diagnostics for schistosomiasis is ongoing. Here we review the area, paying attention to earlier approaches but emphasizing recent developments in the search for new diagnostics for schistosomiasis with practical applications in the research laboratory, the clinic, and the field. Careful and rigorous validation of these assays and their cost-effectiveness will be needed, however, prior to their adoption in support of policy decisions for national public health programs aimed at the control and elimination of schistosomiasis.

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Schistosoma mansoni antigen detects Schistosoma mekongi infection

Cited by 22 publications

References 27 publications

Comparison of novel and standard diagnostic tools for the detection of Schistosoma mekongi infection in Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Cambodia

Comparison of novel and standard diagnostic tools for the detection of Schistosoma mekongi infection in Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Cambodia

New diagnostic tools in schistosomiasis

Advances in the Diagnosis of Human Schistosomiasis

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