Scaling propensity of seawater in RO boron removal processes

Hasson, David; Shemer, Hilla; Brook, Irina; Zaslavschi, Irina; Semiat, Raphael; Bartels, Craig; Wilf, Mark

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2011.09.027

Cited by 44 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In fact, none of the criteria frequently employed (e.g. [12]) for determination of the onset of scaling (and of presumed induction period) have sufficient sensitivity for studying the true incipient CaCO 3 scaling in operating membrane plants and in systems (such as the present one) closely simulating conditions in spacer-filled membrane elements. Such criteria, including the significant increase of fluid turbidity, the reduction of permeate flux (in constant pressure filtration), or the reduction of Ca 2 þ ion concentration and the pH change, involve simple measurements of bulk process parameters, that are convenient but offer information of some value only when the scaling process is well in progress, i.e.…”

Section: Caco 3 Particles On the Ro Membranementioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, as discussed elsewhere [10,11] and clearly shown herein, the above parameter measurements are insensitive for identification of the true onset of scaling; in particular, it has been shown [10] that there is practically no effect of (even significant) membrane scaling on permeate flux and permeability reduction, which means that the latter is not a sensitive indicator to identify incipient scaling. Very recently, Hasson et al [12] studied incipient CaCO 3 scaling of RO membrane elements by recirculation of supersaturated fluids of various compositions; they also stressed that such data are not available in the literature. Using again rather insensitive measurements (pH, Ca 2 þ , membrane permeability) they reported quite high induction times at the smallest supersaturations used; e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using again rather insensitive measurements (pH, Ca 2 þ , membrane permeability) they reported quite high induction times at the smallest supersaturations used; e.g. for a fluid with no magnesium and significant supersaturation (S $ 4.37) they reported an induction time greater than 12 h. In the aforementioned studies [8,9,12], no membrane autopsy or similar detailed direct-examination data were provided to complement the bulk fluid and other indirect measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Incipient calcium carbonate scaling of desalination membranes in narrow channels with spacers—experimental insights

Mitrouli

Karabelas

Karanasiou

et al. 2013

Journal of Membrane Science

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Section: Caco 3 Particles On the Ro Membranementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Incipient calcium carbonate scaling of desalination membranes in narrow channels with spacers—experimental insights

Mitrouli

Karabelas

Karanasiou

et al. 2013

Journal of Membrane Science

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“…However, the RO process is still subject to numerous demands including the reduction of the operation and maintenance costs [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], prolonging the membrane lifetime [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17], and advancing the membrane module and system configuration designs [7,8,18]. The development of a low-pressure (higher flow rate) RO membrane could accomplish some of these demands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Stability of Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis (RO) Membrane Operation—A Pilot Scale Study

Park

Kwon

2018

Water

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Reverse osmosis (RO) elements operating at a low pressure (LP) or a low energy (LE) are generally called "LPRO" or "LERO", and the nomenclature "LP" and "LE" are convertible due to the interrelated features of the pressure and the energy in the RO process. Not only can LPRO be operated at lower pressures, which enables energy saving, but also at the standard operating pressure with an enhanced permeate flux. In this study, the feasibility of the LPRO element was evaluated in the face of high fouling potential feed water. The commercially available standard RO and LPRO were chosen, and the membrane properties including the fouling susceptibility and the surface characteristics were thoroughly evaluated. The variations of various performance parameters were monitored during an 872 h operation in a pilot system, which was operated in a constant flux mode. Then, the used membranes were analyzed to further verify the fouling load localization and the fouling intensities. The average flux variation of the individual RO elements in a vessel and the economic feasibility of LPRO were also evaluated through a simulation study using an RO system design software. This study showed that the localization of fouling load within a pressure vessel of an LPRO system caused about 20% higher flux decline and almost 2-times higher salt passage than those of a standard RO membrane system. Furthermore, the simulation study predicted that average operating pressure difference ratio (%) between two RO membranes decreased from 24.4% to 17.8% and a substantial quantity of LPRO elements (83.3%) must be replaced to meet the designated water criteria only after 2 years' operation.

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“…From the experimental standpoint, at the allowable in desalination plants quite low bulk supersaturation ratio S of the aforementioned salts, there is uncertainty on whether an "induction period" of membrane scaling exists [16], as well as on how, and at which rate, the scale-particles initially develop (or deposit) and then grow on a "clean" desalination membrane. Most of the work on desalination membrane scaling has been carried out at relatively high supersaturations and/or for experimentation times beyond the initial phase of crystal generation, deposition, and growth on a virgin membrane surface [17][18][19]. These relatively long experimentation times in literature studies are essentially dictated by the scale detection and measurement techniques used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incipient crystallization of calcium carbonate on desalination membranes: dead-end filtration with agitation

Mitrouli

Kostoglou

Karabelas

et al. 2014

Desalination and Water Treatment

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A B S T R A C TThe development of reliable criteria for determining the onset of scaling on desalination membranes is of high practical value. A novel approach to systematically investigate incipient membrane crystallization and scale-particle evolution was recently reported by this laboratory, involving modeling-relevant phenomena during membrane desalination and experiments, in well-controlled pressure cells operating in dead-end mode with no agitation. However, parallel studies have shown that flow conditions equivalent to those prevailing in real desalination membrane modules are obtained in pressure cells with agitation. Therefore, this work aims to employ the aforementioned approach to the more realistic case of membrane CaCO 3 scaling in dead-end desalination with agitation. Detailed data regarding incipient CaCO 3 scaling of desalination membranes were obtained, by analyzing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, for small bulk supersaturation ratios S = 1 to 4 and short filtration times (~30-90 min). Mean shear stresses at the membrane surface were similar to those prevailing in desalination modules. The data show that concentration polarization due to salt rejection strongly affects scale-particle growth rate, insignificantly influencing particle-number surface density. There is no evidence of a significant induction period in the nucleation and growth of scale-particles on the membrane surface. The initial CaCO 3 deposit flux, in mg/(m 2 min), exhibits a strong dependence on membrane surface supersaturation. Experimental data on the supersaturation-dependent scale evolution appear to significantly differ from predictions based on classical concepts of heterogeneous nucleation and growth, thus indicating that non-conventional nucleation is the dominant mechanism of the membrane-scale development.

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Scaling propensity of seawater in RO boron removal processes

Cited by 44 publications

References 20 publications

Incipient calcium carbonate scaling of desalination membranes in narrow channels with spacers—experimental insights

Incipient calcium carbonate scaling of desalination membranes in narrow channels with spacers—experimental insights

Long-Term Stability of Low-Pressure Reverse Osmosis (RO) Membrane Operation—A Pilot Scale Study

Incipient crystallization of calcium carbonate on desalination membranes: dead-end filtration with agitation

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