Bacterial pathogens especially antibiotic-resistant ones
are a
public health concern worldwide. To oppose the morbidity and mortality
associated with them, it is critical to select an appropriate antibiotic
by performing a rapid bacterial diagnosis. Using a combination of
Raman spectroscopy and deep learning algorithms to identify bacteria
is a rapid and reliable method. Nevertheless, due to the loss of information
during training a model, some deep learning algorithms suffer from
low accuracy. Herein, we modify the U-Net architecture to fit our
purpose of classifying the one-dimensional Raman spectra. The proposed
U-Net model provides highly accurate identification of the 30 isolates
of bacteria and yeast, empiric treatment groups, and antimicrobial
resistance, thanks to its capability to concatenate and copy important
features from the encoder layers to the decoder layers, thereby decreasing
the data loss. The accuracies of the model for the 30-isolate level,
empiric treatment level, and antimicrobial resistance level tasks
are 86.3, 97.84, and 95%, respectively. The proposed deep learning
model has a high potential for not only bacterial identification but
also for other diagnostic purposes in the biomedical field.