Satellite cells surrounding axotomised rat dorsal root ganglion cells increase expression of a GFAP-like protein

Woodham, P.; Anderson, Patrick N.; Nadim, W.; Turmaine, Mark

doi:10.1016/0304-3940(89)90364-9

Cited by 135 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These changes were explained as a response to the higher metabolic demands of the neurons following the axotomy. Woodham et al [185] showed that the amount of the glial marker GFAP in DRG was increased, but whether this is due to cell proliferation, hypertrophy, or to increase in GFAP synthesis, is not known. This point is relevant to the role of SGCs after damage because increased expression of GFAP is one of the hallmarks of glial activation in the CNS [2].…”

Section: Plasticity Of Sgcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite glial cells in sensory ganglia: from form to function

Hanani

2005

Brain Research Reviews

646

744

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Section: Plasticity Of Sgcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite glial cells in sensory ganglia: from form to function

Hanani

2005

Brain Research Reviews

646

744

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“…This occurs as sprouting of sympathetic fibers, creating aberrant communication pathways from the new sympathetic terminals to sensory neurons (35). Sympathetic sprouting has been documented in the region of peripheral terminal fields of sensory neurons (262), at the site of nerve trauma (57), and within the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) containing cell bodies of sensory neurons (248,343). Each of these sites develops spontaneous activity and sensitivity for catecholamines and sympathetic activation (8,53).…”

Section: C) Implications Of Sympathetic Nervous System Involvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Neurons: Evidence That Immune and Glial Cells Contribute to Pathological Pain States

Watkins

Maier

2002

Physiological Reviews

653

433

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Chronic pain can occur after peripheral nerve injury, infection, or inflammation. Under such neuropathic pain conditions, sensory processing in the affected body region becomes grossly abnormal. Despite decades of research, currently available drugs largely fail to control such pain. This review explores the possibility that the reason for this failure lies in the fact that such drugs were designed to target neurons rather than immune or glial cells. It describes how immune cells are a natural and inextricable part of skin, peripheral nerves, dorsal root ganglia, and spinal cord. It then examines how immune and glial activation may participate in the etiology and symptomatology of diverse pathological pain states in both humans and laboratory animals. Of the variety of substances released by activated immune and glial cells, proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6) appear to be of special importance in the creation of peripheral nerve and neuronal hyperexcitability. Although this review focuses on immune modulation of pain, the implications are pervasive. Indeed, all nerves and neurons regardless of modality or function are likely affected by immune and glial activation in the ways described for pain.

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“…Functionally, satellite cells are responsible for maintaining the homeostasis of sensory neurons by regulating extracellular ion and nutrient levels within the DRG (For review see (Hanani, 2005). Following sciatic nerve axotomy in rats, satellite cells have been shown to undergo morphological changes (Woodham et al, 1989;Stephenson & Byers, 1995), proliferate (Shinder & Devor, 1994) and upregulate a variety of growth factors (Hammarberg et al, 1996;Zhou et al, 1999). Additionally, hypertrophy and up-regulation of GFAP in satellite cells has been observed following mechanical injury to the peripheral terminals of sensory neurons that innervate the teeth whose cell bodies are housed within trigeminal ganglia (Stephenson & Byers, 1995).…”

Section: Cellular Alterations In Satellite Cells Macrophages and Schmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Satellite cells have been shown to increase the levels of GFAP expression as well as increase their size following peripheral nerve injury (Woodham et al, 1989;Shinder & Devor, 1994). Therefore both the immunofluorescence intensity as well as the area of the cell labeled were determined as a measure of satellite cell activation.…”

Section: Quantification/ Image Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

An evolving cellular pathology occurs in dorsal root ganglia, peripheral nerve and spinal cord following intravenous administration of paclitaxel in the rat

et al. 2007

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Paclitaxel (Taxol®) is a frontline antineoplastic agent used to treat a variety of solid tumors including breast, ovarian, or lung cancer. The major dose limiting side effect of paclitaxel is a peripheral sensory neuropathy that can last days to a lifetime. To begin to understand the cellular events that contribute to this neuropathy, we examined a marker of cell injury/regeneration (activating transcription factor 3; ATF3), macrophage hyperplasia/hypertrophy; satellite cell hypertrophy in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and sciatic nerve as well as astrocyte and microglial activation within the spinal cord at 1, 4, 6 and 10 days following intravenous infusion of therapeutically relevant doses of paclitaxel. At day 1 post-infusion there was an up-regulation of ATF3 in a subpopulation of large and small DRG neurons and this up-regulation was present through day 10. In contrast, hypertrophy of DRG satellite cells, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of CD68+ macrophages in the DRG and sciatic nerve, ATF3 expression in S100β+ Schwann cells and increased expression of the microglial marker (CD11b) and the astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein in the spinal cord were not observed until day 6 post infusion. The present results demonstrate that using the time points and markers examined, DRG neurons show the first sign of injury which is followed days later by other neuropathological changes in the DRG, peripheral nerve and dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Understanding the cellular changes that generate and maintain this neuropathy may allow the development of mechanism-based therapies to attenuate or block this frequently painful and debilitating condition.

show abstract

Satellite cells surrounding axotomised rat dorsal root ganglion cells increase expression of a GFAP-like protein

Cited by 135 publications

References 5 publications

Satellite glial cells in sensory ganglia: from form to function

Satellite glial cells in sensory ganglia: from form to function

Beyond Neurons: Evidence That Immune and Glial Cells Contribute to Pathological Pain States

An evolving cellular pathology occurs in dorsal root ganglia, peripheral nerve and spinal cord following intravenous administration of paclitaxel in the rat

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