Satellite analysis of the severe 1987 forest fires in northern China and southeastern Siberia

Cahoon, Donald R.; Stocks, B. J.; Levine, Joel S.; Cofer, Wesley R.; Pierson, Joseph M.

doi:10.1029/94jd01024

Cited by 228 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Now it is established that pyroCb activity is sufficiently frequent that a measurable stratospheric increase in aerosols attributable to this process occurred in 1989-91, 1992 (Livesey et al 2004), 1998 (Fromm et al 2000(Fromm et al , 2005, and 2001-04 (Fromm et al 2006(Fromm et al , 2008aCammas et al 2009). Unpublished analyses of satellite data (e.g., SAGE II aerosol profiles and imager data) have also revealed pyroCbs and stratospheric aerosol layers that are attributable to the Great China Fire in May 1987 (Cahoon et al 1994) and the Yellowstone fires of 1988 (Alexander 2009). Hence, it can be concluded that for six consecutive years (1987-92) the pyroCb phenomenon was present and its stratospheric impact was identifiable.…”

Section: Pyroconvection In 2002mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Untold Story of Pyrocumulonimbus

Fromm¹,

Lindsey²,

Servranckx³

et al. 2010

Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.

299

313

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Section: Pyroconvection In 2002mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Untold Story of Pyrocumulonimbus

Fromm¹,

Lindsey²,

Servranckx³

et al. 2010

Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc.

299

313

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“…In total, 1.53 million hectares were charred by fires in 1987, which was the most destructive fire year in China's history, with a specific larger fire in May that burned 1.33 million hectares alone. Extreme meteorological conditions, in combination with the lack of accessibility, resulted in large, high-intensity crown fires throughout China's boreal forests in 1987 [44]. Snowfall over the northern China was typically light during the winter of 1986-1987, and the snow cover had disappeared by early April southeast of Lake Baikal and along the Amur River.…”

Section: Determination Of Emission Factors (Ef)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly during the spring fire season, there are always serious large forest fire events. For example, on 6th May 1987, a catastrophic fire occurred on the northern slopes of the GXM, which burned a total area of 1.3ˆ10 6 ha, with disastrous effects on the forest composition and structure, ecosystem processes and the landscape pattern [44]. The wildfire that broke out in Jinhe and Genhe counties on 5 May 2003 burned 7.9ˆ10 4 hectares, including 6.3ˆ10 4 hectares of forest areas, with an economic loss of more than 198 million RMB [44].…”

Section: Determination Of Emission Factors (Ef)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimates of Wildfire Emissions in Boreal Forests of China

Bao

2016

Forests

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Wildfire emissions in the boreal forests yield an important contribution to the chemical budget of the troposphere. To assess the contribution of wildfire to the emissions of atmospheric trace species in the Great Xing'an Mountains (GXM), which is also the most severe fire-prone boreal forest region in China, we estimated various wildfire activities by combining explicit spatio-temporal remote sensing data with fire-induced emission models. We observed 9998 fire scars with 46,096 km 2 in the GXM between the years 1986 and 2010. The years 1987 and 2003 contributed 33.2% and 22.9%, respectively, in burned area during the 25 years. Fire activity is the strongest in May. Most large fires occurred in the north region of the GXM between 50˝N and 54˝N latitude due to much drier weather and higher fire danger in the northern region than in the southern region of the study domain. Evergreen and deciduous needleleaf forest and deciduous broadleaf forest are the main sources of emissions, accounting for 84%, 81%, 84%, 87%, 89%, 86%, 85% and 74% of the total annual CO 2 , CH 4 , CO, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 , BC and NO x emissions, respectively. Wildfire emissions from shrub, grassland and cropland only account for a small fraction of the total emissions level (approximately 4%-11%). Comparisons of our results with other published estimates of wildfire emissions show reasonable agreement.

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“…Large areas of the boreal forest zone, which natural fire have shaped over several millennia, are burned annually. Industrial and recreational use of boreal forests and forest fire suppression capabilities have dramatically increased over the past century [4]. Northeast China maintains abundant forest resources, with a forest area of ~47.0 × 10 4 km 2 , occupying 31% of China's total forest area [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Satellite Detection of Post-Fire Vegetation Trends in Boreal Forests of China

Tani

Zhang

et al. 2013

Remote Sensing

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This paper describes the long-term effects on vegetation following the catastrophic fire in 1987 on the northern Great Xing'an Mountain by analyzing the AVHRR GIMMS 15-day composite normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) dataset. Both temporal and spatial characteristics were analyzed for natural regeneration and tree planting scenarios from 1984 to 2006. Regressing post-fire NDVI values on the pre-fire values helped identify the NDVI for burnt pixels in vegetation stands. Stand differences in fire damage were classified into five levels: Very High (VH), High (H), Moderate (M), Low (L) and Slight (S). Furthermore, intra-annual and inter-annual post-fire vegetation recovery trajectories were analyzed by deriving a time series of NDVI and relative regrowth index (RRI) values for the entire burned area. Finally, spatial pattern and trend analyses were conducted using the pixel-based post-fire annual stands regrowth index (SRI) with a nonparametric Mann-Kendall (MK) statistics method. The results show that October was a better period compared to other months for distinguishing the post-and pre-fire vegetation conditions using the NDVI signals in boreal forests of China because colored leaves on grasses and shrubs fall down, while the leaves on healthy trees remain green in October. The 6939MK statistics method is robustly capable of detecting vegetation trends in a relatively long time series. Because tree planting primarily occurred in the severely burned area (approximately equal to the Medium, High and Very High fire damage areas) following the Daxing'anling fire in 1987, the severely burned area exhibited a better recovery trend than the lightly burned regions. Reasonable tree planting can substantially quicken the recovery and shorten the restoration time of the target species. More detailed satellite analyses and field data will be required in the future for a more convincing validation of the results.

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Satellite analysis of the severe 1987 forest fires in northern China and southeastern Siberia

Cited by 228 publications

References 16 publications

The Untold Story of Pyrocumulonimbus

The Untold Story of Pyrocumulonimbus

Estimates of Wildfire Emissions in Boreal Forests of China

Long-Term Satellite Detection of Post-Fire Vegetation Trends in Boreal Forests of China

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