SATB1 is overexpressed in metastatic prostate cancer and promotes prostate cancer cell growth and invasion

Abstract

BackgroundSpecial AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 (SATB1) is a nuclear factor that functions as the global chromatin organizer to regulate chromatin structure and gene expression gene expression. SATB1 has been shown to be abnormally expressed in various types of cancer. However, the expression and role of SATB1 in prostate cancer remain unclear.Methods120 cases of prostatic carcinoma and 60 cases of benign prostate hyperplasia were analyzed for SATB1 expression by immunohistochemistry. LNCaP, DU-145, and PC3 prostate cancer cells were examined for SATB1 expression by Western blot analysis. Cell proliferation and invasion was evaluated by CCK8 and transwell invasion assay, respectively.ResultsSATB1 staining was stronger in prostatic carcinomas with metastasis than in those without metastasis, but was absent in benign prostate hyperplasia. Furthermore, SATB1 expression was positively correlated with bone metastasis and the Gleason score. SATB1 overexpression promoted the proliferation and invasion of LNCaP cells while SATB1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and invasion of DU-145 cells.ConclusionsThese findings provide novel insight into oncogenic role of SATB1 in prostate cancer, suggesting that SATB1 is a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for prostate cancer.

Expression of SATB1 protein in the ductal breast carcinoma tissue microarrays — preliminary study

“…SATB1 as a MAR-binding protein regulates the genes by folding chromatin into loop domain [8]. It was found to regulate gene expression in thymocytes and pre B-cells [9], but recent studies have shown that SATB1 promotes tumor growth and metastasis through chromatin gene recombination in many neoplasms such as breast, gastrointestinal tract (predominantly colorectal region), liver, laryngeal, lung, thyroid, urinary bladder, ovarian and prostate cancers, melanomas, osteosarcomas, gliomas and some types of leukemias [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Furthermore, except SATB1 involvement in tumor progression by its mRNA and protein overexpression in some cancers, e.g.…”

SATB1 expression is correlated with β-catenin associated epithelial–mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer

“…This phenomenon has also been reported in other types of tumors, such as liver, prostate, ovarian, gastric, and kidney tumors. [8][9][10][11][12] We further analyzed the expression of SATB1 in corresponding lymph node metastases, and we found that SATB1 expression was remarkably higher in lymph node metastases than in CRC primary lesions. These results suggest that SATB1 plays a crucial role in promoting tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis.…”

“…In addition, SATB1 was initially found to have a role in promoting growth and metastasis in breast cancer. 7 It has subsequently been found to correlate with poor prognosis in several other forms of tumor, such as liver cancer, 8 prostate cancer, 9 ovarian cancer, 10 gastric cancer, 11 and renal cell carcinoma. 12 As such, SATB1 is considered to be a new type of key oncogene regulator.…”

High expression of special AT‑rich sequence binding protein‑1 predicts esophageal squamous cell carcinoma relapse and poor prognosis

“…The expression of SATB1 has been examined in esophageal adenocarcinoma and is an independent prognostic factor (20). In several types of cancer, including laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, endometrial cancer, hepatocellular cancer and lung cancer, high expression of SATB1 promotes tumor growth and metastasis, and is a negative prognostic factor (7,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). SATB1 can regulate the expression of >1,000 genes involved in the processes of DNA organization, proliferation and apoptosis (8,9).…”

“…SATB1 can regulate gene expression by folding chromatin into loop domains and tethering DNA domains to the SATB1 network structure (7,8). Under normal conditions, SATB1 is expressed at low levels in cells and tissues, but is overexpressed in a variety of malignant tumors, including laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, endometrial cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, rectal cancer, cutaneous malignant melanoma, gastric cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (7,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). The expression of SATB1 has been examined in esophageal adenocarcinoma and is an independent prognostic factor (20).…”