Sarcopenic Obesity: An Emerging Public Health Problem

Ji, Tong; Li, Yun; Ma, Lina

doi:10.14336/ad.2021.1006

Cited by 54 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Our sensitivity analysis did not suggest any differences in the association of SO with all-cause mortality using a BMI cutoff of 30, except for SO with 1 altered component of BC. In addition, sarcopenia and obesity have complex interactions with multiple factors involved . When we additionally adjusted for physical activity and protein intake in our sensitivity analysis, their effect on mortality decreased but remained consistent among individuals with lower muscle function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity and Mortality Among Older People

Benz,

Pinel,

Guillet

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceSarcopenia and obesity are 2 global concerns associated with adverse health outcomes in older people. Evidence on the population-based prevalence of the combination of sarcopenia with obesity (sarcopenic obesity [SO]) and its association with mortality are still limited.ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and SO and their association with all-cause mortality.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis large-scale, population-based cohort study assessed participants from the Rotterdam Study from March 1, 2009, to June 1, 2014. Associations of sarcopenia and SO with all-cause mortality were studied using Kaplan-Meier curves, Cox proportional hazards regression, and accelerated failure time models fitted for sex, age, and body mass index (BMI). Data analysis was performed from January 1 to April 1, 2023.ExposuresThe prevalence of sarcopenia and SO, measured based on handgrip strength and body composition (BC) (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry) as recommended by current consensus criteria, with probable sarcopenia defined as having low handgrip strength and confirmed sarcopenia and SO defined as altered BC (high fat percentage and/or low appendicular skeletal muscle index) in addition to low handgrip strength.Main Outcome and MeasureThe primary outcome was all-cause mortality, collected using linked mortality data from general practitioners and the central municipal records, until October 2022.ResultsIn the total population of 5888 participants (mean [SD] age, 69.5 [9.1] years; mean [SD] BMI, 27.5 [4.3]; 3343 [56.8%] female), 653 (11.1%; 95% CI, 10.3%-11.9%) had probable sarcopenia and 127 (2.2%; 95% CI, 1.8%-2.6%) had confirmed sarcopenia. Sarcopenic obesity with 1 altered component of BC was present in 295 participants (5.0%; 95% CI, 4.4%-5.6%) and with 2 altered components in 44 participants (0.8%; 95% CI, 0.6%-1.0%). An increased risk of all-cause mortality was observed in participants with probable sarcopenia (hazard ratio [HR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.14-1.47) and confirmed sarcopenia (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.53-2.43). Participants with SO plus 1 altered component of BC (HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.60-2.33]) or 2 altered components of BC (HR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.97-4.11) had a higher risk of mortality than those without SO. Similar results for SO were obtained for participants with a BMI of 27 or greater.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, sarcopenia and SO were found to be prevalent phenotypes in older people and were associated with all-cause mortality. Additional alterations of BC amplified this risk independently of age, sex, and BMI. The use of low muscle strength as a first step of both diagnoses may allow for early identification of individuals at risk for premature mortality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity and Mortality Among Older People

Benz,

Pinel,

Guillet

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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“…Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a clinical and functional condition characterized by the coexistence of obesity and sarcopenia. [1] Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and obesity is characterized by excess fat mass. Loss of skeletal muscle mass combined with relative or absolute fat gain occurs very commonly with aging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obesity in itself can also lead to loss of muscle mass and function due to the negative impact of adipose tissue-dependent metabolic derangements, such as inflammation and insulin resistance and oxidative stress which can cause a negative effect on muscle mass. [1] The main causes of sarcopenic obesity are: Inflammation: The adipose tissue is an active metabolic tissue which secretes hormones and proteins. From a clinical standpoint, sarcopenic obesity can lead to a cumulative risk due to two different clinical conditions that are corelated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of SAIL (Stay Active and Independent for Life) Protocol on Functional Mobility in Older Adults with Sarcopenic Obesity - A Quasi-Experimental Study

Kandalgaonkar,

Panwar

2024

Int J Health Sci Res

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BACKGROUND: The aging process combined with co-morbid factors like sarcopenic obesity can lead to reduced functional mobility. A regular and diverse exercise protocol is necessary to maintain functional mobility. AIM: The aim of this study was to find the effectiveness of SAIL (Stay Active and Independent for life) protocol on functional mobility in older adults with sarcopenic obesity using SPPB scores after 4 weeks duration (3 alternate days a week for 55-60 mins). METHOD: The experimental study was carried out among 30 older adults of which 11 were males and 19 were females. They were selected according to the study criteria. Written consent was taken. Effect of SAIL protocol on functional mobility of older adults was analyzed using appropriate parametric tests. Analysis was done using Microsoft excel and Graphpad. RESULT: The SPPB values after the intervention showed p value of 0.0059 which is considered very statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that the Stay Active and Independent for Life (SAIL) protocol positively improves the functional mobility among older adults with sarcopenic obesity as evidenced by the Short Physical Performance Battery scores. Key words: Sarcopenic obesity, functional mobility, older adults, intervention

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“…Declines in grip strength, gait speed, and physical performance tasks are the most evident physical and functional impairments in older adults with SO ( 7 – 9 ). Older adults with SO have potential consequences, such as disability, hospitalization, and increased healthcare costs, at an estimated total cost of $40.4 billion ( 10 ). Moreover, it has been proposed that SO independently predicts mortality from all causes ( 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of resistance training-based protocols in older adults with sarcopenic obesity: a scoping review of training procedure recommendations

et al. 2023

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BackgroundSarcopenic obesity (SO) is a clinical and functional disease characterized by the coexistence of obesity and sarcopenia. Resistance training (RT) characteristics for older adults with sarcopenia or obesity are already well established in the scientific literature. Nonetheless, we still do not know how detailed the RT protocols are described for older adults with SO. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the characteristics of RT programs, including each of their variables, recommended for older adults with SO.MethodsThis is a scoping review study that was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for Scoping Reviews. The search was carried out until November 2022 in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, Google Scholar, and medRxiv databases. The studies included SO diagnosis and RT as an intervention strategy. The RT variables analyzed were as follows: exercise selection, the volume of sets, the intensity of load, repetition cadence, rest interval between sets, and weekly frequency.ResultsA total of 1,693 studies were identified. After applying the exclusion criteria, 15 studies were included in the final analysis. The duration of the RT intervention ranged from 8 to 24 weeks. All studies included full-body routines, with single/multi-joint exercises. Regarding the volume of sets, some studies fixed it in three sets, whereas others varied between one and three sets. The load was reported by repetition range and the weight lifted, elastic-band color/resistance, percentage of one repetition maximum, or perceived exertion scale. Repetition cadence was fixed in some studies, while it was self-selected between concentric and eccentric phases in others. The interval between sets of rest varied from 30 to 180 s. All studies reported progression overload during the interventions. Not all studies reported how the exercise selection, repetition cadence, and rest interval were made.ConclusionThe characteristics of RT protocols and their variables prescribed in the literature for older adults with SO were mapped. The lack of detail on some training variables (i.e., exercise selection, repetition cadence, and rest interval) was identified. RT protocols are heterogeneous and described only partially among studies. The recommendations for RT prescription details in older adults with SO are provided for future studies.Systematic review registrationhttps://osf.io/wzk3d/.

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Sarcopenic Obesity: An Emerging Public Health Problem

Cited by 54 publications

References 67 publications

Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity and Mortality Among Older People

Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity and Mortality Among Older People

Effectiveness of SAIL (Stay Active and Independent for Life) Protocol on Functional Mobility in Older Adults with Sarcopenic Obesity - A Quasi-Experimental Study

Characteristics of resistance training-based protocols in older adults with sarcopenic obesity: a scoping review of training procedure recommendations

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