Sarcopenia and its relationship with osteoarthritis: risk factor or direct consequence?

Papalia, Rocco; Zampogna, Biagio; Torre, Guglielmo; Lanotte, Angela; Vasta, Sebastiano; Albo, Erika; Tecame, Andrea; Denaro, Vincenzo

doi:10.1007/s12306-014-0311-6

Cited by 51 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The degenerative effects of muscle atrophy can be seen with both acute and chronic MSK injuries that result in prolonged treatment or muscle immobilisation, such as fractures and ligament injuries 1. Loss of strength is a major risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA),2 3 the most common MSK disease responsible for reduced function3 and quality of life of sufferers,4 affecting around 250 million adults worldwide5 with a prevalence correlating with the increasing age of the population 6. Muscle weakness is increasingly evident in non-injured healthy populations such as older adults due to sarcopenia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood flow restriction training in clinical musculoskeletal rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hughes¹,

et al. 2017

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Background and objectiveLow-load exercise training with blood flow restriction (BFR) can increase muscle strength and may offer an effective clinical musculoskeletal (MSK) rehabilitation tool. The aim of this review was to systematically analyse the evidence regarding the effectiveness of this novel training modality in clinical MSK rehabilitation.DesignThis is a systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed literature examining BFR training in clinical MSK rehabilitation (Research Registry; researchregistry91).Data sourcesA literature search was conducted across SPORTDiscus (EBSCO), PubMed and Science Direct databases, including the reference lists of relevant papers. Two independent reviewers extracted study characteristics and MSK and functional outcome measures. Study quality and reporting was assessed using the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise.EligibilitySearch results were limited to exercise training studies investigating BFR training in clinical MSK rehabilitation, published in a scientific peer-reviewed journal in English.ResultsTwenty studies were eligible, including ACL reconstruction (n=3), knee osteoarthritis (n=3), older adults at risk of sarcopenia (n=13) and patients with sporadic inclusion body myositis (n=1). Analysis of pooled data indicated low-load BFR training had a moderate effect on increasing strength (Hedges’ g=0.523, 95% CI 0.263 to 0.784, p<0.001), but was less effective than heavy-load training (Hedges’ g=0.674, 95% CI 0.296 to 1.052, p<0.001).ConclusionCompared with low-load training, low-load BFR training is more effective, tolerable and therefore a potential clinical rehabilitation tool. There is a need for the development of an individualised approach to training prescription to minimise patient risk and increase effectiveness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood flow restriction training in clinical musculoskeletal rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Hughes¹,

et al. 2017

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“…One systematic review article criticized that the literature lacks basic science studies and that it could not be concluded whether sarcopenia has a direct effect on OA [15]. The more direct effect of sarcopenia on knee OA should be shown by a skeletal muscle mass analysis that focuses on the lower limbs as well as analyses that include a multivariate regression model because there are several risk factors of knee OA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Skeletal Muscle Mass in the Lower Limbs Is Independently Associated to Knee Osteoarthritis

Lee

Chung

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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ObjectivesIt has been reported that low skeletal muscle mass correlates with knee osteoarthritis in obese individuals. This study aimed to investigate whether lower limb skeletal muscle mass is independently associated with knee osteoarthritis in the general population.Materials and MethodsThis cross-sectional study used public data from the Fourth and Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Subjects included 4924 community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 years (821 subjects with knee osteoarthritis and 4,103 controls). Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was calculated from the appendicular skeletal muscle mass measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Independent effects of total and lower limb SMI values on knee osteoarthritis were determined using odds ratios (OR) adjusted for age, sex, obesity, total femur bone mineral density, serum vitamin D level, diabetes mellitus status, and physical activity on multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe adjusted logistic regression model revealed that older age, female sex, and obesity were significantly associated with knee osteoarthritis. A higher serum vitamin D level was also positively correlated with knee osteoarthritis (OR, 1.015; 95% CI, 1.003–1.027; P = 0.010). Although total SMI was not significantly associated with knee osteoarthritis (OR, 0.976; 95% CI, 0.946–1.007; P = 0.127), a low lower limb SMI had an independent effect on knee osteoarthritis (OR, 0.941; 95% CI, 0.900–0.983; P = 0.006).ConclusionsLow skeletal muscle mass in the lower limbs but not in the whole body was independently associated with knee osteoarthritis.

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“…The lack of extracellular matrix (ECM) production leads to a progressive loss of cartilage volume [4,5].…”

Section: Histological Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Age, overuse syndromes, obesity, menopause, sarcopenia, macro-and micro-traumatic iterative events are the main risk factors for the onset of chondropenia [3,4]. Prerequisite for an etiological approach is knowledge of the multifactorial aspects such as genetic, hormonal and biomechanical factors which converge in the manifestation of the chondropenic phenotype and are useful parameters for identifying the patients at risk for disease progression.…”

Section: Etiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chondropenia: current concept review

et al. 2015

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The term "chondropenia" indicates the early stage of degenerative cartilage disease, and it has been identified by carefully monitoring early-stage osteoarthritis (OA). Not only is it the loss of articular cartilage volume, but it is also a rearrangement of biomechanical, ultrastructural, biochemical and molecular properties typical of healthy cartilage tissue. Diagnosing OA at an early stage or an advanced stage is valuable in terms of clinical and therapeutic outcome. In fact degenerative phenomena are supported by a complex biochemical cascade which unbalances the extracellular matrix homeostasis, closely regulated by chondrocytes. In the first stage an intense inflammatory reaction is triggered: pro-catabolic cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α triggering matrix metalloproteases and aggrecanase (ADAMT-4 and 5), responsible for the early loss of ultrastructural components, such as type II collagen and aggrecan. In addition nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species modulate the physiopathology of the condral matrix inducing apoptosis of chondrocytes through a mitochondria-dependent pathway. In addition, "Lonely Death": chondrocytes, are confined within a dense, avascular extracellular matrix capsule, and can trigger a genetically induced apoptosis and necrosis. The degenerative process starts from a central point and then spreads in a centrifugal manner in depth and in adjacent areas, eventually covering the whole joint; chondropenia represents a journey from the first clinically detectable time-point until it can be characterized as frank osteoarthritis. Currently, there are no instruments sensitive enough which allow a timely diagnosis of chondropenia. Innovative magnetic resonance imaging techniques, such as T2 mapping, can be effective and a sensitive diagnostic instrument for quantifying cartilage volume and proteoglycan content. However, avant-garde biophysical techniques, such as mechanical indenters, ultrasound and biochemical markers (uCTX-II), are rational and scientific tools applicable to the clinical and therapeutic management of early degenerative cartilage disease. The objective of this review on chondropenia is to present a state of the art and innovative concepts.

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Sarcopenia and its relationship with osteoarthritis: risk factor or direct consequence?

Cited by 51 publications

References 27 publications

Blood flow restriction training in clinical musculoskeletal rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Blood flow restriction training in clinical musculoskeletal rehabilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Low Skeletal Muscle Mass in the Lower Limbs Is Independently Associated to Knee Osteoarthritis

Chondropenia: current concept review

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