Sarcopenia according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) versus dynapenia as a risk factor for mortality in the elderly

Alexandre, Tiago da Silva; Duarte, Yeda Aparecida de Oliveira; Santos, Jair Lício Ferreira; Wong, R.; Lebrão, Maria Lúcia

doi:10.1007/s12603-014-0450-3

Cited by 34 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…Most of the studies were performed in Europe (9/17 studies[19–27]), while 5 were performed in America (2 in USA, 3 in South America) [28–32], and 3 were performed in Asia[33–35]. All of the studies included subjects aged 60 years or older; 11 studies included community-dwelling older people[21,22,25,29–35], 4 included hospitalized subjects[19,20,24,27], and 2 involved nursing home residents[23,26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the algorithm proposed by the EWGSOP. Muscle mass was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in the majority of studies (7/17 studies[19,20,23–25,27,33]), followed by anthropometric measurements (6/17 studies[21,22,26,28–30]) and, finally, by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) (4/17 studies[31,32,34,35]). Muscle strength was measured using handgrip strength in all of studies except for one[35], which used an isokinetic device.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of sarcopenia varied from 4.3% in a population of ambulatory community-dwelling men[32] to 73.3% among nursing home residents in Turkey[26]. The majority of studies declared their source of funding (funding from a local foundation[28,29], from a national ministry[19,33], from a grant[21,22] and from a national institute of research[25,31,32,35]) if any (two studies[20,26] declared no funding). Five other studies did not report the presence or absence of funding[23,24,27,30,34].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health Outcomes of Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2017

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ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review to assess the short-, middle- and long-term consequences of sarcopenia.MethodsProspective studies assessing the consequences of sarcopenia were searched across different electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBM Reviews, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EBM Reviews ACP Journal Club, EBM Reviews DARE and AMED). Only studies that used the definition of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People to diagnose sarcopenia were included. Study selection and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. For outcomes reported by three or more studies, a meta-analysis was performed. The study results are expressed as odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI.ResultsOf the 772 references identified through the database search, 17 were included in this systematic review. The number of participants in the included studies ranged from 99 to 6658, and the duration of follow-up varied from 3 months to 9.8 years. Eleven out of 12 studies assessed the impact of sarcopenia on mortality. The results showed a higher rate of mortality among sarcopenic subjects (pooled OR of 3.596 (95% CI 2.96–4.37)). The effect was higher in people aged 79 years or older compared with younger subjects (p = 0.02). Sarcopenia is also associated with functional decline (pooled OR of 6 studies 3.03 (95% CI 1.80–5.12)), a higher rate of falls (2/2 studies found a significant association) and a higher incidence of hospitalizations (1/1 study). The impact of sarcopenia on the incidence of fractures and the length of hospital stay was less clear (only 1/2 studies showed an association for both outcomes).ConclusionSarcopenia is associated with several harmful outcomes, making this geriatric syndrome a real public health burden.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health Outcomes of Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2017

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“…Dodds et al , identified low muscle strength in 23% of males and 27% of females by age 80 in more than 60 thousand observations from 49,964 British individuals [11]. Alexandre et al also demonstrated that dynapenia can be common, with prevalences of 29.5% and 41% in two Brazilian samples of 478 and 1149 elders living in the community, respectively [10,28]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Manini and Clark propose that there is still a work in progress in the definition of an algorithm specific for dynapenia, arguing that, among other things, there is insufficient data to define clinically relevant cut points for muscle strength [9], and different points lead to different dynapenia prevalence. Alexandre et al evidenced the association of dynapenia with mortality in an elderly population of a large Brazilian city using the cut-off suggested by the European group EWGSOP (cut-off values < 30 kg for men and < 20 for women) [10]. Dodds et al defined low grip strength as the strength at least 2.5 SD below the mean gender- specific peak and established normative data for dynapenia combining more than 60 thousand observations [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handgrip Strength and Factors Associated in Poor Elderly Assisted at a Primary Care Unit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

et al. 2016

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IntroductionSarcopenia is a condition diagnosed when the patient presents low muscle mass, plus low muscle strength or low physical performance. Muscle weakness in the oldest (dynapenia) is a major public health concern because it predicts future all-cause mortality and is associated with falls, disability, cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Grip strength is a simple method for assessment of muscle function in clinical practice.ObjectiveTo estimate the grip strength and identify factors associated with handgrip strength variation in elderly people with low socioeconomic status.MethodsCross-sectional study based on a multidimensional assessment of primary care users that were 60 years or older. The sample size was calculated using an estimated prevalence of depression in older adults of 20%. A kappa coefficient of 0.6 with a 95% confidence interval was used to generate a conservative sample size of 180 individuals. Procedures: tests and scales to assess humor, cognition (MMSE), basic (ADL) and instrumental activities (IADL) of daily living, mobility (Timed Up and Go), strength, height, Body Mass Index (BMI) and social support were applied. Questions about falls, chronic diseases and self-rated health (SRH) were also included. Statistical Analysis: Mean, standard deviation and statistical tests were used to compare grip strength means by demographic and health factors. A multivariate linear model was used to explain the relationship of the predictors with grip strength.ResultsThe group was composed predominantly by women (73%) with a very low level of education (mean 3 years of schooling), mean age of 73.09 (± 7.05) years old, good mobility and without IADL impairment. Mean grip strength of male and female were 31.86Kg (SD 5.55) and 21.69Kg (SD 4.48) [p- 0.0001], respectively. Low grip strength was present in 27.7% of women and 39.6% of men. As expected, men and younger participants had higher grip strength than women and older individuals. In the adjusted model, age (p- 0.03), female sex (p- 0.0001), mobility (p- 0.05), height (p- 0.03) and depression (p- 0.03) were independently associated with low grip strength. For every second more in the mobility test, there was a mean decrease of 0.08 Kg in the grip strength. Elders with depression had a mean reduction of 1.74Kg in the grip strength in relation to those in the comparison groups. There was an average reduction of 8.36Kg in the grip strength of elderly females relative to males. For each year of age after 60 years, it was expected an average reduction of 0.11 Kg in the grip strength.Conclusionour results suggest that low grip strength is associated with age, female sex, height, depression and mobility problems in poor elderly. Grip strength can be a simple, quick and inexpensive means of stratifying elders’ risk of sarcopenia in the primary care setting. Efforts should be made to recognize weaker persons and the conditions associated to low grip strength in order to target early interventions to prevent frailty and disability.

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Sarcopenia and mortality among a population‐based sample of community‐dwelling older adults

Brown

Harhay

2015

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

258

191

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BackgroundSarcopenia is a risk‐factor for all‐cause mortality among older adults, but it is unknown if sarcopenia predisposes older adults to specific causes of death. Further, it is unknown if the prognostic role of sarcopenia differs between males and females, and obese and non‐obese individuals.MethodsA population‐based cohort study among 4425 older adults from the Third National Health and Nutrition Survey (1988–1994). Muscle mass was quantified using bioimpedance analysis, and muscle function was quantified using gait speed. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression analysis examined the relationship between sarcopenia and mortality outcomes.ResultsThe mean age of study participants was 70.1 years. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 36.5%. Sarcopenia associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR): 1.29 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.13–1.47); P < 0.001] among males and females. Sarcopenia associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular‐specific mortality among females [HR: 1.61 (95% CI: 1.22–2.12); P = 0.001], but not among males [HR: 1.07 (95% CI: 0.81–1.40; P = .643); P interaction = 0.079]. Sarcopenia was not associated with cancer‐specific mortality among males and females [HR: 1.07 (95% CI: 0.78–1.89); P = 0.672]. Sarcopenia associated with an increased risk of mortality from other causes (i.e. non‐cardiovascular and non‐cancer) among males and females [HR: 1.32 (95% CI: 1.07–1.62); P = 0.008]. Obesity, defined using body mass index (P interaction = 0.817) or waist circumference (P interaction = 0.219) did not modify the relationship between sarcopenia and all‐cause mortality.ConclusionsSarcopenia is a prevalent syndrome that is associated with premature mortality among community‐dwelling older adults. The prognostic value of sarcopenia may vary by cause‐specific mortality and differ between males and females.

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Sarcopenia according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) versus dynapenia as a risk factor for mortality in the elderly

Abstract: The EWGSOP definition of sarcopenia and dynapenia can help to determine risk for mortality and can be used as a screening instrument in public health.

Cited by 34 publications

References 25 publications

Health Outcomes of Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Health Outcomes of Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Handgrip Strength and Factors Associated in Poor Elderly Assisted at a Primary Care Unit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Sarcopenia and mortality among a population‐based sample of community‐dwelling older adults

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