Sarcocystosis of Animals and Humans

Dubey, J. P.; Calero‐Bernal, Rafael; Rosenthal, Benjamin M.; Speer, Clarence A.; Fayer, Ronald

doi:10.1201/b19184

Cited by 279 publications

(466 citation statements)

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“…To add to this confusion, another new species from the camel was named, S. miescheri, based on finding oocysts in feces of dogs fed naturally infected camel meat (Mandour et al 2011 µm, appeared to be artifacts misidentified as bradyzoites (Dubey et al 2015).…”

Section: Species Namesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of sarcocystosis in camels and redescription of Sarcocystis cameli and Sarcocystis ippeni sarcocysts from the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius)

et al. 2015

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SummaryThere is considerable confusion concerning Sarcocystis species in camels. Five species:Sarcocystis cameli, S. ippeni, S. camelicanis, S. camelocanis, and S. miescheri were named with inadequate descriptions and no type specimens. Here, we review literature on sarcocystosis in camels worldwide and redescribe structure of S. cameli and S. ippeni sarcocysts by light and transmission electron microscopy (LM, TEM). Eight sarcocysts from the esophagi of two camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Egypt were studied. By LM all sarcocysts were thin walled with barely visible projections on the cyst walls. By TEM, two structurally distinct sarcocysts were recognized by unique villar protrusions (vp) not found in sarcocysts from any other host.Sarcocysts of S. cameli had vp of type 9j. The sarcocyst wall had upright slender vp, up to 3.0 μm long and 0.5 μm wide; the total thickness of the sarcocyst wall with ground substance layer (gs) was 3.5 μm. On each vp there were rows of knob-like protrusions that appeared to be interconnected. The vp had microtubules that originated at mid point of the gs and continued up to the tip; microtubules were smooth, without any granules or dense areas. Bradyzoites were approximately 14-15 x 3-4 μm in size with typical organelles. Sarcocystis ippeni sarcocysts had type 32 sarcocyst wall characterized by conical villar protrusions with an electron dense knob.The total thickness of the sarcocyst wall (from the base of gs to vp tip) was 2.3-3.0 μm. The vp were up to 1.2 μm wide at the base and 0.25 μm at the tip. Microtubules in vp originated at midpoint of gs and continued up to tip; microtubules were criss-crossed, smooth and without granules or dense areas. Bradyzoites were 12.0-13.5 x 2.0-3.0 μm in size. Sarcocystis camelicanis, S. camelocanis, and S. miescheri are considered invalid.

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Section: Species Namesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of sarcocystosis in camels and redescription of Sarcocystis cameli and Sarcocystis ippeni sarcocysts from the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius)

et al. 2015

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“…Ultrastructurally, the sarcocyst wall had short conical villar protrusions (vp) (Fig. 2), similar to type 29 (Dubey et al 2015b). The vp were up to 0.5 m wide at the base, 0.25 m wide at the tip, and up to 0.5 m long (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Cattle (Bos taurus) are intermediate hosts for four named species of Sarcocystis, S. cruzi, S. hirsuta, S. hominis, and S. rommeli (Dubey et al 2015b). Of these four species, sarcocysts of S. cruzi are thin-walled (<1 µm) whereas S. hirsuta, S. hominis, and S. rommeli have thickwalled sarcocysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcocystis heydorni, n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) with cattle (Bos taurus) and human (Homo sapiens) cycle

et al. 2015

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Cattle (Bos taurus) are intermediate hosts for four species of Sarcocystis, S. cruzi, S. hirsuta, S. hominis, and S. rommeli. Of these four species, mature sarcocysts of S. cruzi are thin-walled (< 1µm) whereas S. hirsuta, S. hominis, and S. rommeli have thick walls (4 µm or more). Here we describe a new species of Sarcocystis with thin-walled sarcocysts in cattle. Two newborn calves were fed sporocysts from the feces of a human volunteer who had ingested raw beef. The calves were killed 111 and 222 days later. In addition to thick-walled sarcocysts of Sarcocystis hominis, both calves were coinfected with a Sarcocystis species that had a thinwalled sarcocysts, distinct from Sarcocystis cruzi. The sarcocysts were mature, microscopic, up to 80 µm wide and up to 1060 µm long. By light microscopy, the sarcocyst wall was thin (< 1 2 µm thick) and had minute protrusions. By transmission electron microscopy, the sarcocyst wall had short, conical villar protrusions (vp), that were up to 0.5 μm long, up to 0.5 μm wide, similar to type 29. The vp on the sarcocyst wall lacked microtubules but had six or more disc-shaped plaques. The ground substance layer was smooth, approximately 0.5 µm thick, and without microtubules. The bradyzoites were 8-11 μm long. The structure of the sarcocyst wall was distinct from any species of Sarcocystis reported from livestock. This unique species is named in honor of Dr. Alfred Otto Heydorn who provided the sporocysts.

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“…Total thickness of primary cyst wall ranged from 29 to 44 nm. The vp were rectangular, type 17 (Dubey et al 2015a), and measured 1.17 (1.50-0.92) μm long and 1.42 (1.98-1.20) μm wide (n=66). The ground substance layer was remarkably thin (184-278 nm; studied in 4 cysts) and electron dense, that continues as septa (88.0-312 nm wide).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infection with Sarcocystis is common in many species of wild cervids but none is reported from the blacktailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) (Dubey et al 2015a). Here we report Sarcocystis infection in two black-tailed deer from northwest USA for the first time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcocystis mehlhorni, n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) from the black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus)

et al. 2015

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Infection with Sarcocystis is common in many species of wild cervids but none is reported from the black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus). Here, we report Sarcocystis infection in two black-tailed deer from northwest USA for the first time. Sarcocysts were microscopic, up to 556 µm long and mature. The sarcocyst wall was up to 1.39 μm thick, and had rectangular 1.17 μm long villar protrusions, type 17, with thin (230 nm) electron dense ground substance layer. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis indicated that Sarcocystis in the black-tailed deer is related to structurally distinct Sarcocystis species in cervids. A new name, Sarcocystis mehlhorni, is proposed for the Sarcocystis species in black-tailed deer.

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Sarcocystosis of Animals and Humans

Cited by 279 publications

References 0 publications

A review of sarcocystosis in camels and redescription of Sarcocystis cameli and Sarcocystis ippeni sarcocysts from the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius)

A review of sarcocystosis in camels and redescription of Sarcocystis cameli and Sarcocystis ippeni sarcocysts from the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Sarcocystis heydorni, n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) with cattle (Bos taurus) and human (Homo sapiens) cycle

Sarcocystis mehlhorni, n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) from the black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus)

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