Sand–tyre chips mixtures in undrained and drained cyclic triaxial tests

Abstract

This paper deals with the stress-controlled cyclic triaxial response of saturated sand rubber chips (RC) mixtures at different gravimetric contents. Three types of sand were utilised, namely, uniform medium and coarse sands, as well as a combination of the two at two relative densities. A series of consolidated undrained and drained single-stage cyclic triaxial tests was performed using standard equipment to evaluate the development of the accumulated excess pore-water pressures, permanent axial and volumetric strains. Samples were anisotropically consolidated prior to cyclic loading. The results showed that for all sands adding 10% RC increases the liquefaction potential. Compared to pure sand, increasing the chips content beyond 20–30% generally yields an improvement as long as the sand is not too coarse. Expressions have been derived for the evolution of accumulated pore-water pressure and the relation between excess pore-water pressure from the undrained test and cumulative volumetric strain from drained tests. Although the findings were derived for a single set of loads, they reveal the basic characteristics of the cyclic composite material behaviour.

Resonant Column Tests on Mixtures of Different Sands with Coarse Tyre Rubber Chips

“…Fig. 4 Test specimen stabilized by dry-ice freezing for the sake of visualization (Banzibaganye and Vrettos, 2022) For pure rubber chips, a shear modulus of around 1.2 MPa and a D min value of around 6% are reported in the literature by Anastasiadis et al (2012). Own results derived from cyclic triaxial tests on rubber chips are of similar magnitude.…”

“…A decrease in shear strength and liquefaction resistance of sands mixed with fine rubber material could be discouraging for the use of this composite geo-material as a fill or backfill in civil/geotechnical engineering applications. In previous studies by the authors (Banzibaganye et al, 2019;Banzibaganye and Vrettos, 2022) sand was mixed with irregular, coarse rubber chips ranging in size between 4 and 14 mm. The results showed a significant improvement in shear strength for all rubber contents, as well as an increase of cyclic resistance for rubber contents larger than 10%.…”

“…With respect to static behaviour due to static loading one may mention the work by Foose et al (1996), Zornberg et al (2004), Becker and Vrettos (2011). In respect of cyclic behaviour evaluated using cyclic simple shear and cyclic triaxial apparatuses, one may acknowledge the works by Nakhaei et al (2012), Kaneko et al (2013), Mashiri et al (2016), Li et al (2016), Madhusudhan et al (2018), Bahadori and Farzalizadeh (2018), Banzibaganye et al (2019), Hazarika et al (2020), Amuthan et al (2020), Das and Bhowmik (2020), Madhusudhan et al (2020), Rios et al (2021) Banzibaganye and Vrettos (2022). The dynamic behaviour of sand rubber mixtures was evaluated in few studies using a resonant column device.…”

Evaluation of shear strength parameters of sustainable utilization of scrap tires derived geo-materials for civil engineering applications

“…Tire rectangular shreds must have at least a specified width to enhance sand's total friction angle. This is the article's most significant contribution (Banzibaganye et al, 2019).…”

“…The TDA shear power rose whenever the maximum particle size was raised, but the cohesiveness remained the same. The particle's elastic modulus grew in proportion to its size (Banzibaganye et al, 2019). Yang et al (2002) The use of scrap tires in structural engineering applications to recycle this hazardous waste is gaining popularity.…”