Sampling of gaseous sulfur-containing compounds at low concentrations with a review of best-practice methods for biogas and natural gas applications

Brown, Andrew S.; Veen, Adriaan M. H. van der; Arrhenius, Karine; Murugan, Arul; Culleton, Lucy P; Ziel, Paul R; Lǐ, Jiànróng

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2014.08.012

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Air samples were collected from 17 stations (Table ) for the DMS measurements, at about 6 m above the sea surface while facing the wind on the top deck, using 1‐L fused‐silica lined canisters (Restek, Bellefonte, PA, USA) with ball valves (Brown et al, ; Khan et al, ; Yokouchi et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Distribution and Biogeochemical Cycling of Dimethylated Sulfur Compounds and Methane in the East China Sea During Spring

Xing

Zhang

et al. 2019

JGR Oceans

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The spatial distributions of dimethylsulfide (DMS), dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and methane (CH4) were studied in the East China Sea during May 2017, and the possible controlling factors and biogeochemical cycling processes are discussed. The mean surface concentrations of DMS and CH4 were 10.66 and 9.93 nmol/L in the coastal area and 7.60 and 6.88 nmol/L in the open ocean, respectively. Horizontal and vertical profiles of the dimethylated sulfur compounds and CH4 were largely affected by different water masses, with enhancement observed in the coastal area. Significant correlations were found between CH4 and particulate DMSP (r = 0.609, p < 0.01, n = 42), and between CH4 and dissolved DMSO (r = 0.654, p < 0.01, n = 42). A dissolved DMSP (DMSPd) spike experiment revealed that the bacterial communities had potential to utilize DMSPd, meanwhile producing CH4 under oligotrophic conditions. The average mixing ratio of atmospheric DMS was 109 ± 49 pptv. Variations of marine DMS and wind speed explained 23 and 40% of the variation in the mixing ratios of atmospheric DMS, respectively. The sea‐to‐air fluxes of DMS and CH4 were estimated to be 18.64 ± 14.92 and 13.85 ± 15.03 μmol m−2 d−1, respectively.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Distribution and Biogeochemical Cycling of Dimethylated Sulfur Compounds and Methane in the East China Sea During Spring

Xing

Zhang

et al. 2019

JGR Oceans

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“…Among many types of canisters, high VSC recovery can be obtained with a SilcoCan canister (Brown et al, 2015;Khan et al, 2012;Sulyok et al, 2001) as demonstrated by Khan et al (2012), while comparing the storability of a mixture of VSCs in old and new generations of SilcoCan canisters. In the new generation of SilcoCan canisters, the recoveries of all the VSCs exceeded 97% after 3 days.…”

Section: Canistersmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Storability of VSC samples in different types of plastic sampling bags has been thoroughly investigated (Brown et al, 2015;Lau, 1989). To date, the most common and versatile bag material that produces reasonably good stability of VSC samples is Tedlar.…”

Section: Sample Bagsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and assessment of odorous sulfur compounds

Hayes¹,

Le²,

Fisher³

et al. 2020

Environmental Technologies to Treat Sulphur Pollution: Principles and Engineering

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Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and other volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) are found naturally and also as a by-product of many industries, in particular wastewater treatment, waste management and some food production industries (Bentley & Chasteen, 2004; Fisher et al., 2018b; Rochat et al., 2007). VSCs are probably the most impactful odorants due to their foul smell, low odour threshold, and relative abundance in natural and industrial processes. As a result, there are numerous methodologies to appropriately assess VSCs as an odour. VSC monitoring and assessment is accomplished by a number of approaches that are partially determined by the desired outcomes. For instance, constant monitoring of known VSC emissions is possible through online sensors, such as "e-noses", which are useful for gross VSC emissions but are typically unable to provide detailed analysis. Comparatively, detailed results of VSC concentrations and speciation require a series of steps that evaluate the appropriateness of VSC capture options. From here gas chromatography (GC) separation, followed by subsequent analysis using various chemical detectors, is suitable depending on the VSCs under investigation. VSC sampling and monitoring are challenging due to their low odour thresholds and volatility. These qualities render sampling to be assessed for its capacity to appropriately store the VSCs.

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“…COS and CS 2 are notoriously difficult to trap and require the trapping to be performed at low temperatures (at least −5 • C) on very strong sorbents for example carbon molecular sieves, such as Carbosieve SIII [19][20][21][22]. Some promising results have been obtained using Carbotrap 301 for COS. Tenax TA together with Carboxen 1000 has been shown [23] to be a possible alternative for trapping methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulphide, COS and CS 2 .…”

Section: Selection Of Sorbentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Purity Analysis: Suitability of Sorbent Tubes for Trapping Hydrocarbons, Halogenated Hydrocarbons and Sulphur Compounds

et al. 2019

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The ISO 14687-2 standard sets requirements for the purity of the hydrogen that is delivered at refuelling stations. These specifications cover a wide range of impurities and include challenging measurements, mainly due to the very low levels of the required detection limits and the need for “total” measurements (total hydrocarbons, total sulphur compounds, halogenated compounds). Most of the compounds belonging to the species are organic. Thermal desorption often coupled with gas chromatography is a common speciation method used to determine the content of organic impurities. However, no existing sorbent tubes are sufficiently universal to trap all possible impurities; depending on the sorbents and the sampling volume, some compounds may irreversibly adsorb or may break through. It is therefore necessary to evaluate sorbents for the compounds targeted at the level required. In this study, the suitability of sorbent tubes for trapping organic impurities in hydrogen was investigated. Suitable sorbents were selected based on a literature review of suitable sorbent materials. Short-term stability studies for compounds among hydrocarbons, halogenated compounds and sulphur compounds on the selected sorbents have then been performed for storage periods of two weeks since this is the period typically required to complete the collection, transport and analysis of hydrogen samples. The study clearly shows that the method is promising for total species, even through the results show that not all of the compounds belonging to the three total species to be analysed when performing hydrogen purity analysis can be quantified on one unique sorbent. A multibed sorbent consisting of Tenax TA (weak), Carboxen 1003 (medium), Carbograph 1 (strong) is shown to be a versatile sorbent suitable for the three “total species”; only a few compounds from each family would need to be analysed using other analytical methods. This method proposed here for total species will not only provide a sum of concentrations, but also an identification of which compound(s) is/are actually present in the hydrogen.

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Sampling of gaseous sulfur-containing compounds at low concentrations with a review of best-practice methods for biogas and natural gas applications

Cited by 34 publications

References 30 publications

Spatial Distribution and Biogeochemical Cycling of Dimethylated Sulfur Compounds and Methane in the East China Sea During Spring

Spatial Distribution and Biogeochemical Cycling of Dimethylated Sulfur Compounds and Methane in the East China Sea During Spring

Measurement and assessment of odorous sulfur compounds

Hydrogen Purity Analysis: Suitability of Sorbent Tubes for Trapping Hydrocarbons, Halogenated Hydrocarbons and Sulphur Compounds

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