Salting-Out Effect of NaCl and KCl on the Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium of Water + 2-Methylpropanoic Acid + (1-Methylethyl)-benzene System at Several Temperatures

Abstract

The salting-out effect of NaCl and KCl on the liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) of the ternary system of {water (1) + 2-methylpropanoic acid (2) + (1-methylethyl)-benzene (3)}, a recommended system for liquid–liquid extraction investigations, was studied at temperatures of (288.15, 298.15, and 313.15) K. The generated data for salt-free system have been used to estimate the binary molecular interaction parameters for the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) activity coefficient model. Results show that this model reproduces very good tie lines by estimated binary molecular interaction coefficients. The distribution coefficient of 2-methylpropanoic acid between organic/aqueous phases increases with its concentration, both in salt-free and in the presence of salt cases; however, it decreases moderately with temperature, within the range used. Adding a 0.05 mass fraction (based on mass of initial water) NaCl leads to an average enhancement of about 4 4% in distribution coefficient, and hence, it reaches to about 124 % by adding 0.10 mass fraction of this salt. The appropriate enhancement achievement with KCl are about (38 and 121) %, respectively. The Othmer–Tobias equation was used to examine the reliability of the experimental results, and an excellent agreement was revealed.

(Liquid+liquid) equilibria for the ternary (water+acetic acid+toluene) system at different temperatures: Experimental data and correlation

“…However, at high solute amounts (w 23 more than about 0.02), a higher distribution coefficient is achieved while the influence of temperature is also remarkable. Similar results have been previously reported for other chemical system of (cumene + isobutyric acid + water) [12].…”

“…The lower difference is for lower solute concentration. The procedure used in this work is based on utilizing the results of the direct analysis of components as well as the mass balance equation, as is conventionally used [2,12,13].…”

“…The binary interaction parameters can be obtained from LLE data regression using Aspen Plus (Version 11.1). This software employs an objective function, called ''maximum likelihood'' and an algorithm, called ''Britt-Luecke'' to correlate model parameters [12]. The equation of UNIQUAC activity coefficient model is in fact sum of two terms: a combinatorial term and a residual term, represented as [19]:…”

Salting-out effect of tripotassium phosphate on the liquid–liquid equilibria of the (water+acetone+1-butanol+ethanol) system and the salting-out recovery

“…can be ascertained [20,21].The tie-line dataof the liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE)has a relationshipas shown inthe following formula [22],…”

Effect of uni-univalent salts on the mass transfer of isobutyric acid between cumene and water

“…Results show that mass transfer coefficient decreases significantly in the presence of surfactants. Meantime, publications about salt effect on liquid-liquid equilibrium [11][12][13] are mostly focused on distribution coefficient of the polar and non-polar solutes which usually increases in the presence of salts. This is due to the effect termed as ''salting out''.Despite too many publications about salts effect on liquid-liquid equilibrium, reports about this effect on the liquid-liquid extraction rate in dispersed systems are scarce.…”