Salmonella in surface and drinking water: Occurrence and water-mediated transmission

Levantesi, Caterina; Bonadonna, Lucia; Briancesco, Rossella; Grohmann, Elisabeth; Toze, Simon; Tandoi, Valter

doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2011.06.037

Cited by 166 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…These activities disseminate Salmonella causing gastroenteritis and typhoid in the district (Attua et al, 2015). Not all Salmonellae serotypes found in the environments are the same as those isolated from humans (Setti et al, 2009) because some isolates are associated with animals (Levantes et al, 2012;Andoh et al, 2016). In this present study well water samples yielded Salmonella serovars commonly associated with human clinical disease (Abdulkadir et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Contribution of Dug-Out Wells to Salmonella Dissemination in Kwaebibirem District of Ghana

Feglo

Dakorah²

2017

ESJ

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Typhoid fever is rare in the developed world, but in Kwaebibirem District of Ghana, Salmonella infections are very common. Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers in addition to gastroenteritis are frequently reported. The reservoir, prevailing Salmonella species and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns are not known, but in Ghana treatment of these infections are mostly empirical. 464 samples (270 stool and 194 blood) were collected from patients and 188 water samples were collected from different water sources in Kwaebibirem District and cultured for Salmonella at St. Dominic Hospital, Akwatia. Salmonella prevalence of 11.6% (54/464) among patients and 2.7% (5/188) from dug-out wells were obtained. Total viable bacterial count in the water samples averaged 2.56 x10 3 -1.2 x 10 13 per milliliter. Five (5) out of 51 (9.8%) dug-out wells yielded Salmonellae upon culture. Typhoidal Salmonellae [11% (6/54)] and 68.6% (38/54) non-typhoidal Salmonellae were isolated from patients. The most affected age group ranged 6-15years with prevalence of 42.6% (23/54). The most frequent isolated was Salmonella Typhi 20% (11/54) followed by Salmonella Enterica, 29.6% (16/54). The Salmonella isolates were all susceptible to the cephalosporins (cefoxitin, cefotaxime, cefepime) the carbapenems (imipenem and meropenem) the quinolones (norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin) and the aminoglycoside (amikacin). Their resistant proportions to other drugs were ampicillin (69.5%), piperacillin (69.5%) and co-trimoxazole (76.3%). Salmonella infections were common in Kwaebibirem District, and home owned dug-out wells posed risk of Salmonella transmission to the people.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Contribution of Dug-Out Wells to Salmonella Dissemination in Kwaebibirem District of Ghana

Feglo

Dakorah²

2017

ESJ

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“…According to Levantesi et al (2012), Salmonella spp. is frequently detected in environmental samples and it has been repeatedly reported in various types of natural waters such as rivers, lakes, etc.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential microbiological threat to the Vistula waters by its tributaries in the vicinity of Kraków

2015

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Lenart-Boroń A., Puchała M., Boroń P. (2015): Potential microbiological threat to the Vistula waters by its tributaries in the vicinity of Kraków. Soil & Water Res., 10: 130-136.The Vistula is the longest river in Poland. It stretches from the Silesian Beskids to the Gulf of Gdańsk. Water from the Vistula is the source of drinking water for many cities and is used in industry, and therefore its quality and microbiological purity is an important issue. The quality of water in the Vistula depends, among others, on the quality of water in its basin. The aim of this study is to assess microbiological hazard to the Vistula waters from its tributaries in the vicinity of Kraków. The analyses were carried out on 10 tributaries of the Vistula: Prądnik, Dłubnia, Drwina Długa, Drwinka, Raba, Uszewka, Szreniawa, Uszwica, Kisielina, and Dunajec. The examinations were carried out in four series, from May 2012 to March 2013. The numbers of coliforms, faecal coliforms, Enterococcus faecalis, and sulphate reducing Clostridium were determined using the membrane filtration method, while the serial dilutions method was used to determine the numbers of mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria, Staphylococcus and Salmonella. There was a large variation in the number of microorganisms in the examined watercourses, however in most cases the water could be classified as clean, whereas waters of the Vistula in the vicinity of Kraków are microbiologically contaminated. Thus, the examined watercourses do not pose a serious threat to the quality of the Vistula. Among the analyzed tributaries, the waters of the Prądnik were characterized by the worst sanitary condition, while the best microbiological quality was observed in the Dunajec.

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“…One survey of North Carolina watersheds found Salmonella in surface waters, and antibiotic resistant Salmonella were most common in a watershed impacted by hog production [22], but Salmonella has also been previously found in environmental surface waters unrelated to hog CAFOs [11]. However, groundwater sources may be less vulnerable to contamination even if they are near CAFOs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Studies of North Carolina hog farms have found Salmonella, including antibiotic resistant Salmonella, in hogs, the farm environment, and waste lagoons [8]. Both lagoon leakage and land application of wastes may create opportunities for transport of bacteria to surface and groundwater sources [9,10], which may serve as a route of exposure for humans [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic-Resistant Enteric Bacteria in Environmental Waters

Casanova

Sobsey

2016

Water

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Sources of antibiotic resistant organisms, including concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs), may lead to environmental surface and groundwater contamination with resistant enteric bacteria of public health concern. The objective of this research is to determine whether Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, and enterococci resistant to clinically relevant antibiotics are present in surface and groundwater sources in two eastern North Carolina counties, Craven and Wayne. 100 surface and groundwater sites were sampled for Salmonella, E. coli, and enterococci, and the bacteria isolated from these samples were tested for susceptibility to clinically relevant antibiotics. Salmonella were detected at low levels in some surface but not groundwater. E. coli were in surface waters but not ground in both counties. Enterococci were present in surface water and a small number of groundwater sites. Yersinia was not found. Bacterial densities were similar in both counties. For Salmonella in surface water, the most frequent type of resistance was to sulfamethoxazole. There was no ciprofloxacin resistance. There were a few surface water E. coli isolates resistant to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and ampicillin. Enterococci in surface water had very low levels of resistance to vancomycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and streptomycin. E. coli and enterococci are present more frequently and at higher levels in surface water than Salmonella, but groundwater contamination with any of these organisms was rare, and low levels of resistance can be found sporadically. Resistant bacteria are relatively uncommon in these eastern N.C. surface and groundwaters, but they could pose a risk of human exposure via ingestion or primary contact recreation.

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Salmonella in surface and drinking water: Occurrence and water-mediated transmission

Cited by 166 publications

References 133 publications

Contribution of Dug-Out Wells to Salmonella Dissemination in Kwaebibirem District of Ghana

Contribution of Dug-Out Wells to Salmonella Dissemination in Kwaebibirem District of Ghana

Potential microbiological threat to the Vistula waters by its tributaries in the vicinity of Kraków

Antibiotic-Resistant Enteric Bacteria in Environmental Waters

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