Salivary shedding of HHV-8 in people infected or not by human immunodeficiency virus 1

França, Talita Ribeiro Tenório de; Araújo, Rachel Alcoforado de; Ribeiro, Camila Maria Beder; Leão, Jair Carneiro

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00959.x

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(96 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The finding of a strong association between HIV and HHV-8 in children could be explained by transmission through saliva: HHV-8 DNA is detected more frequently and at a higher viral load in saliva than in semen, or vaginal and prostatic secretions. 37,38 Of note, HIV-infection may increase HHV-8 shedding in different body fluids, including saliva [38][39][40] and semen. 41 Further studies are needed to clarify what exposures may explain the strong association between HIV and HHV-8 seropositivity in MSM and children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and human herpesvirus 8 co-infection across the globe: Systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

HIV-infection is an important risk factor for developing Kaposi sarcoma (KS), but it is unclear whether HIV-positive persons are also at increased risk of co-infection with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), the infectious cause of KS. We systematically searched literature up to 12/2012 and included studies reporting HHV-8 seroprevalence for HIV-positive and HIV-negative persons. We used random-effects meta-analysis to combine odds ratios (ORs) of the association between HIV and HHV-8 seropositivity and conducted random-effects meta-regression to identify sources of heterogeneity. We included 93 studies with 58,357 participants from 32 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Overall, HIV-positive persons were more likely to be HHV-8 seropositive than HIV-negative persons (OR 1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.70 - 2.34) with considerable heterogeneity among studies (I2 84%).The association was strongest in men who have sex with men (MSM, OR 3.95, 95% CI 2.92 - 5.35), patients with hemophilia (OR 3.11, 95%CI 1.19 - 8.11) and children (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.58 - 3.81), but weaker in heterosexuals who engage in low-risk (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.16 - 1.74) or high-risk sexual behavior (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.27 - 2.17), persons who inject drugs (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.28-2.14), and pregnant women (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.15 - 2.47), p-value for interaction <0.001. In conclusion, HIV-infection was associated with an increased HHV-8 seroprevalence in all population groups examined. A better understanding of HHV-8 transmission in different age and behavioral groups is needed to develop strategies to prevent HHV-8 transmission.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and human herpesvirus 8 co-infection across the globe: Systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It appears that KSHV is mainly transmitted by saliva (Cattani et al, 1999; de França, de Araújo, Ribeiro, & Leao, 2011), although there is potential for transmission by blood or blood products (Hladik et al, 2006), solid organ donation (Francès et al, 2009), or sexual contact (de Sanjose et al, 2009). In vivo , KSHV has been detected in endothelial cells, epithelial cells, B cells, and monocytes (Ambroziak et al, 1995; Blasig et al, 1997; Dupin et al, 1999; Pauk et al, 2000), but in culture, the virus can infect a wider variety of cells including fibroblasts, keratinocytes, B lymphocytes, monocytes, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), endothelial cells, and epithelial cells (Akula et al, 2003; Kaleeba & Berger, 2006a, 2006b; Lagunoff et al, 2002; Raghu, Sharma-Walia, Veettil, Sadagopan, & Chandran, 2009; Rappocciolo et al, 2008; Rappocciolo et al, 2006; Renne, Blackbourn, Whitby, Levy, & Ganem, 1998; West, Gregory, Sivaraman, Su, & Damania, 2011).…”

Section: Kshv Biology: Virion Transmission and Viral Lifecyclementioning

confidence: 99%

KSHV

Giffin

Damania

2014

Advances in Virus Research

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8) is the etiological agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman’s disease. These cancers often occur in the context of immunosuppression, which has made KSHV-associated malignancies an increasing global health concern with the persistence of the AIDS epidemic. KSHV has also been linked to several acute inflammatory diseases. KSHV exists between a lytic and latent lifecycle which allow the virus to transition between active replication and quiescent infection. KSHV encodes a number of proteins and small RNAs that are thought to inadvertently transform host cells while performing their functions of helping the virus persist in the infected host. KSHV also has an arsenal of components that aid the virus in evading the host immune response, which help the virus establish a successful lifelong infection. In this comprehensive review, we will discuss the diseases associated with KSHV infection, the biology of latent and lytic infection, and individual proteins and microRNAs that are known to contribute to host cell transformation and immune evasion.

show abstract

“…Saliva is most likely the major source of transmission for KSHV. KSHV DNA and infectious viral particles are frequently detected in the saliva of KSHV-seropositive individuals, and the level of KSHV DNA in saliva is significantly higher than those in other body fluids (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). It is thought that KSHV may infect oral epithelial cells in transit during initial infection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus ORF18 and ORF30 Are Essential for Late Gene Expression during Lytic Replication

Gong

Xie

et al. 2014

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is associated with several human malignances. As saliva is likely the major vehicle for KSHV transmission, we studied in vitro KSHV infection of oral epithelial cells. Through infection of two types of oral epithelial cells, normal human oral keratinocytes (NHOKs) and papilloma-immortalized human oral keratinocyte (HOK16B) cells, we found that KSHV can undergo robust lytic replication in oral epithelial cells. By employing de novo lytic infection of HOK16B cells, we studied the functions of two previously uncharacterized genes, ORF18 and ORF30, during the KSHV lytic cycle. For this purpose, an ORF18-deficient virus and an ORF30-deficient virus were generated using a mutagenesis strategy based on bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) technology. We found that neither ORF18 nor ORF30 is required for immediately early or early gene expression or viral DNA replication, but each is essential for late gene expression during both de novo lytic replication and reactivation. This critical role of ORF18 and ORF30 in late gene expression was also observed during KSHV reactivation. In addition, global analysis of viral transcripts by RNA sequencing indicated that ORF18 and ORF30 control the same set of viral genes. Therefore, we suggest that these two viral ORFs are involved in the same mechanism or pathway that coregulates the viral late genes as a group. IMPORTANCEWhile KSHV can infect multiple cell types in vitro, only a few can support a full lytic replication cycle with progeny virions produced. Consequently, KSHV lytic replication is mostly studied through reactivation, which requires chemicals to induce the lytic cycle or overexpression of the viral transcriptional activator, RTA. In this study, we present a robust de novo lytic infection system based on oral epithelial cells. Using this system, we demonstrate the role of two viral ORFs, ORF18 and ORF30, in regulating viral gene expression during KSHV lytic replication. As the major route of KSHV transmission is thought to be via saliva, this new KSHV lytic replication system will have important utility in the field.

show abstract

Salivary shedding of HHV-8 in people infected or not by human immunodeficiency virus 1

Abstract: HHV-8 DNA is frequently found in saliva. HIV-infected individuals showed a higher frequency of detection of HHV-8 than healthy controls. HHV-8 DNA was significantly amplified in saliva of household members of HIV/HHV-8 co-infected individuals.

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

HIV and human herpesvirus 8 co-infection across the globe: Systematic review and meta-analysis

HIV and human herpesvirus 8 co-infection across the globe: Systematic review and meta-analysis

KSHV

Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus ORF18 and ORF30 Are Essential for Late Gene Expression during Lytic Replication

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About