Salivary proline-rich protein may reduce tannin-iron chelation: a systematic narrative review

Delimont, Nicole M; Rosenkranz, Sara K.; Haub, Mark D.; Lindshield, Brian L.

doi:10.1186/s12986-017-0197-z

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…For AV extracts, metal chelating activity increased only up to 0.5 mg/mL while lower values were obtained at 0.75 and 1.0 mg/mL. The lower metal chelating efficiency at high concentrations may be due to polyphenol aggregation through hydrophobic interactions, which would have reduced availability of binding sites (Delimont, Rosenkranz, Haub, & Lindshield, ). It is also possible that such polyphenol aggregates become less soluble, which would have minimized interactions with the Fe 2+ .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of nitrogen fertilizer micro-dosing on phenolic content, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase properties of aqueous extracts of three tropical leafy vegetables

et al. 2018

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This work investigated the effect of fertilizer micro-dosing on in vitro antioxidant and antiacetylcholinesterase (AChE) properties of aqueous extracts of leaves of three vegetables (Solanum macrocarpon L., Amaranthus viridis L., and Telfairia occidentalis f. Hooke). Urea was combined (0, 20, 40, and 60 kg/ha) with cow manure (5 t/ha) or without cow manure (80 kg/ha) to grow the leafy vegetables. Significantly higher (p < .05) polyphenol extract yield was obtained with 60 kg N/ha when compared with other fertilizer doses. Total polyphenol (510.70-521.50 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) and total flavonoid (609.51-742.50 mg rutin equivalent/g) contents were reduced as fertilizer dose increased. The 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and iron reducing properties were enhanced by organic manure while metal ion chelation and anti-AChE activity was highest at the 60 kg N/ha. We conclude that the combined use of organic manure with urea fertilizer led to enhanced antioxidant and anti-AChE activities of the leaf polyphenolic extracts. Practical applicationsThe search for natural scavengers of free radicals as food preservatives and nutraceutical agents has intensified in the past decade because of increasing negative reactions to synthetic compounds by consumers. Vegetable leaf polyphenolic compounds used in this work showed free radical scavenging and other antioxidant properties that are comparable to those of butylated hydroxytoluene, a synthetic antioxidant agent. The polyphenol extracts also showed acetylcholinesterase (AChE)inhibitory property that is similar to that of galanthamine, a drug used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Since oxidative stress is also associated with the development of chronic diseases, the vegetable leaf extracts are potential agents that can be used both as effective food preservatives and bioactive agents against neurodegenerative diseases. K E Y W O R D S acetylcholinesterase, antioxidant, free radical scavenging, nitrogen fertilizer, polyphenols, vegetable leaves

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of nitrogen fertilizer micro-dosing on phenolic content, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase properties of aqueous extracts of three tropical leafy vegetables

et al. 2018

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“…However, GA in mango juice with added saliva sharply decreased after 10 h which could be due to oxidative degradation of GA which occurs more rapidly in low acid conditions (Friedman & Jurgens, ). Polyphenol‐protein complexes are favoured in the high acid conditions of gastric digestion (Delimont et al ., ) and these complexes are more resistant to digestive proteases (Papadopoulou & Frazier, ). In accordance with this, it was shown here that saliva impacted GA bioaccessibility during gastric digestion but did not impact the bioaccessibility of GA during the intestinal phase of digestion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tannase improves gallic acid bioaccessibility and maintains the quality of mango juice

Sirven

Negrete

Talcott

2018

Int J of Food Sci Tech

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The effect of tannase on gallic acid (GA) bioaccessibility and auto-oxidative browning of mango juice was investigated. After 2 h of simulated gastric digestion, the concentration of bioaccessible GA increased (P < 0.05) 94.3 AE 7.0% in juice treated with 0.5 U mL À1 tannase while juice not treated with tannase had only a 6.3 AE 3.4% increase in GA. During 2-10 h of simulated intestinal digestion, tannase treated juice continued to have a higher concentration (P < 0.05) of bioaccessible GA in comparison to juice that was not treated with tannase. The use of 167 U 100 mL À1 tannase while processing mango juice did not result in any differences (P < 0.05) in browning measured at 420 nm, yet there was significantly higher (P < 0.05) GA in mango juice post-storage. Processing mango juice with tannase can help improve the bioaccessibility of mango polyphenols without hindering the quality of juice during storage.

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“…Mechanistically, iron absorption adaptation to tannins may start in the mouth ( 21 ). Saliva contains 6 main classes of salivary proteins [histatins, cystatins, statherins, acidic proline-rich proteins (aPRPs), basic proline-rich proteins (bPRPs), and glycosylated proline-rich proteins (gPRPs)] that may exert independent effects on tannins ( 22 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Dose-Response Condensed Tannin Supplementation Does Not Affect Iron Status or Bioavailability

Delimont

Fiorentino

Kimmel

et al. 2017

Current Developments in Nutrition

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Background: Repeated phytic acid consumption leads to iron absorption adaptation but, to the best of our knowledge, the impact of repeated tannin consumption has not yet been established. Salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs) may improve iron absorption by precipitating tannins. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of long-term, dose-response condensed tannin supplementation on iron bioavailability and status and to assess the effect of salivary proteins on iron bioavailability during prolonged condensed tannin consumption. A secondary objective was to assess astringency as a potential marker for adaptation to tannins and iron bioavailability. Methods: Eleven nonanemic women were enrolled in a double-blind 3-dose crossover trial. Three (1.5, 0.25, or 0.03 g) condensed tannin supplements were consumed 3 times/d for 4 wk in random order, with 2-wk washouts in between. Meal challenges were employed before and after supplementation to assess iron bioavailability, iron status, salivary PRP changes, and astringency. Results: Tannin supplementation in any dose did not change iron bioavailability at any dose (P > 0.82) from weeks 0 to 4. Hemoglobin (P = 0.126) and serum ferritin (P = 0.83) were unchanged by tannin dose from weeks 0 to 4. There were significant correlations among tannin supplementation and iron bioavailability, basic proline-rich proteins (bPRPs) (r = 0.366, P = 0.003), and cystatin production (r = 0.27, P = 0.03). Astringency ratings did not change significantly within or between tannin doses (P > 0.126), but there were negative relations among bPRP (r < −0.32, P < 0.21), cystatin production (r < −0.2, P < 0.28), and astringency ratings. Conclusions: Condensed tannin consumption did not affect iron bioavailability or status regardless of the supplementation period in premenopausal nonanemic women. Correlation analyses suggest that bPRPs and cystatins are associated with improved iron bioavailability and that lower ratings of astringency may predict improved iron absorption with repeated tannin consumption.

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Salivary proline-rich protein may reduce tannin-iron chelation: a systematic narrative review

Cited by 23 publications

References 83 publications

Influence of nitrogen fertilizer micro-dosing on phenolic content, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase properties of aqueous extracts of three tropical leafy vegetables

Influence of nitrogen fertilizer micro-dosing on phenolic content, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase properties of aqueous extracts of three tropical leafy vegetables

Tannase improves gallic acid bioaccessibility and maintains the quality of mango juice

Long-Term Dose-Response Condensed Tannin Supplementation Does Not Affect Iron Status or Bioavailability

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