Salivary Levels of Suspected Periodontal Pathogens in Relation to Periodontal Status and Treatment

Troil-Lindén, B.; Torkko, Heini; Alaluusua, Satu; Jousimies‐Somer, Hannele; Asikainen, Sirkka

doi:10.1177/00220345950740111201

Cited by 90 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In the present study, where the detection of selected pathogens was examined in a large, true population-based study population, this seemed to be the case for P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. denticola, and A. actinomycetemcomitans but, surprisingly, not for T. forsythensis. In pathogen carriers, the proportion of pathogens increases in saliva due to deteriorating periodontal status (34), indicating that a subject with advanced periodontitis can serve as a potential source of pathogens to his/her close contacts. Monitoring the carriage pattern of periodontal pathogens at the general population level may help in designing preventive strategies to attempt to control the acquisition of less beneficial members of the human oral microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population-Based Study of Salivary Carriage of Periodontal Pathogens in Adults

Könönen¹,

et al. 2007

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Large, general population-based data on carriage rates of periodontal pathogens hardly exist in the current literature. The objectives of the present study were to examine the salivary detection of Aggregatibacter (formerly Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter rectus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythensis, and Treponema denticola in a representative sample of the adult population living in southern Finland and to clarify which determinants are associated with the presence of these pathogens in saliva. 16S rRNA-based PCR methods with species-specific primers were employed to determine the presence of the six target bacteria in stimulated saliva samples, which were available from 1,294 subjects aged >30 years. The age group, gender, level of education, marital status, smoking history, number of teeth, and number of teeth with deepened pockets were included in the statistical analysis. In general, the carriage of periodontal pathogens was common, since at least one of the examined pathogens was found in 88.2% of the subjects. In descending order, the total detection rates were 56.9%, 38.2%, 35.4%, 31.3%, 20.0%, and 13.9% for T. forsythensis, T. denticola, P. gingivalis, C. rectus, A. actinomycetemcomitans, and P. intermedia, respectively. Age per se was strongly associated with the carriage of P. gingivalis (P ‫؍‬ 0.000), and the level of education with that of T. denticola (P ‫؍‬ 0.000). There was an association between the number of teeth with deepened pockets and carriage of P. gingivalis (P ‫؍‬ 0.000), P. intermedia (P ‫؍‬ 0.000), T. denticola (P ‫؍‬ 0.000), and A. actinomycetemcomitans (P ‫؍‬ 0.004). The data suggest that distinct species have a different carriage profile, depending on variables such as age, educational level, and periodontal status.Periodontitis is characterized by local infection and inflammation of tooth-supporting tissues, leading to various degrees of periodontal attachment loss in affected teeth. Different forms of periodontitis are multifactorial diseases where microorganisms present in dental biofilms are involved. Etiologic bacteria of periodontal diseases typically include gram-negative anaerobic bacteria: among those, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythensis (formerly Bacteroides forsythus), and Treponema denticola are strictly anaerobic and Aggregatibacter (formerly Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans and Campylobacter rectus are facultative/microaerobic (2,4,13,33). Several demographic and behavioral characteristics, such as race, age, gender, and smoking, as well as socioeconomic status, appear to be related to the prevalence of periodontitis, as shown in different populations worldwide (1). It may be expected that similar factors relate to the carriage pattern of periodontitis-associated microorganisms in similar ways as well. For example, the cumulative increase of periodontitis due to aging could be reflected by the increasing carriage of periodontal pathogen(s). As far as we know, natural car...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population-Based Study of Salivary Carriage of Periodontal Pathogens in Adults

Könönen¹,

et al. 2007

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“…A number of studies have shown C. rectus to be associated with higher levels of clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing of the sampled site, and probing depth (121,(130)(131)(132)(133). Furthermore, the abundance of C. rectus has been reported to be elevated significantly in patients with chronic gingivitis and moderate periodontitis but not in severe periodontitis patients, suggesting that this organism is associated with the early stages of periodontitis (130,134).…”

Section: Periodontal Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Epidemiology of Campylobacter Infection

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY Campylobacter jejuni infection is one of the most widespread infectious diseases of the last century. The incidence and prevalence of campylobacteriosis have increased in both developed and developing countries over the last 10 years. The dramatic increase in North America, Europe, and Australia is alarming, and data from parts of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East indicate that campylobacteriosis is endemic in these areas, especially in children. In addition to C. jejuni , there is increasing recognition of the clinical importance of emerging Campylobacter species, including Campylobacter concisus and Campylobacter ureolyticus . Poultry is a major reservoir and source of transmission of campylobacteriosis to humans. Other risk factors include consumption of animal products and water, contact with animals, and international travel. Strategic implementation of multifaceted biocontrol measures to reduce the transmission of this group of pathogens is paramount for public health. Overall, campylobacteriosis is still one of the most important infectious diseases that is likely to challenge global health in the years to come. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the global epidemiology, transmission, and clinical relevance of Campylobacter infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have shown that many of these species are also recovered from saliva [1,10,35]. For instance, von Troil-Linden et al [35], using bacterial culture, demonstrated different levels of A. actinomycetemicomitans, P. gingivalis, C. rectus, and P. micros in saliva of subjects with varying degrees of periodontitis. It has been estimated that Leptotrichia spp., nonpigmented Prevotella spp., P. intermedia, Capnocytophaga spp., Bacteriodes gracilis, and Prevotella loescheii are present in the saliva of 55% to 76% of young women [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations between bacterial levels in autologous subgingival plaque and saliva of adult Sudanese

Darout

Albandar

Skaug

2002

Clinical Oral Investigations

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The aim of this study was to assess levels of oral bacteria and their correlations in paired samples of saliva and subgingival plaque in a population of adult Sudanese. Whole saliva and pooled subgingival plaque samples from six probing sites of one tooth in each jaw were obtained from 56 Sudanese adults (mean age 35.2+/-8.9 years). Levels of 24 oral bacteria in the autologous saliva and pooled plaque sample of each subject were assessed by DNA probes and checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. There were significantly ( P< or =0.01) higher percentages of subjects with > or =10(5) bacterial cells of Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, Veillonella parvula, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus salivarius, and Leptotrichia buccalis and significantly ( P< or =0.01) lower percentages with Treponema denticola in saliva than in subgingival plaque. The detection frequencies at > or =10(6) bacterial cells were significantly higher for Selenomonas sputigena, S. anginosus, Streptococcus sanguis, and S. salivarius and significantly lower for Porphyromonas gingivalis in saliva than in subgingival plaque ( P< or =0.01). Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, S. sputigena, S. sanguis, and Streptococcus mitis demonstrated significant ( P< or =0.05) positive correlations between their levels in plaque and saliva. This study indicates that the levels of P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, S. sputigena, S. sanguis, and S. mitis correlate significantly in saliva and subgingival plaque and that higher accuracy of detection and assessment of the levels of these bacteria in the oral cavity may be achieved by concurrent sampling of saliva and subgingival plaque.

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Salivary Levels of Suspected Periodontal Pathogens in Relation to Periodontal Status and Treatment

Cited by 90 publications

References 29 publications

Population-Based Study of Salivary Carriage of Periodontal Pathogens in Adults

Population-Based Study of Salivary Carriage of Periodontal Pathogens in Adults

Global Epidemiology of Campylobacter Infection

Correlations between bacterial levels in autologous subgingival plaque and saliva of adult Sudanese

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