Salinity tolerance of Gyrodactylus salaris (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea): laboratory studies

Soleng, Arnulf; Bakke, Tor A.

doi:10.1139/f97-089

Cited by 46 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Soleng & Bakke (1997) observaram a eliminação total de Gyrodactylus salaris em salmões-do-atlântico (Salmo salar) utilizando salinidade de 7,5 durante 56 dias. Esses resultados indicam que é possível utilizar concentrações semelhantes de sal para eliminação de ectoparasitas em adultos de beta.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Tolerância aguda e crônica de adultos de beta, Betta splendens, à salinidade da água

Zuanon

Salaro

Veras³

et al. 2009

R. Bras. Zootec.

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Acute and chronic salinity tolerance in adult siamese fighting fish, Betta splendensABSTRACT -Salinity tolerance of Betta splendens was evaluated in a complete randomized design, with six salt concentrations in the water (0; 3; 6; 9; 12 and 15 g common salt/L) with five replications (1 fish/replication). Adult female B. splendens were individually placed in aquariums in an incubation chamber at 26 ± 0.2ºC and 12-hour photoperiod. Fish were fed to satiation, once a day, with commercial diet. Feed intake and survival rate were measured every 12 hours. To evaluate the effect of acute salinity, the mean survival time and median lethal salinity-96 h were calculated, while the chronic effect (18 days) was assessed by calculating the survival salinity maximum and median lethal salinity. The mean survival time was significantly lower at 15 g/L water salinity. The median lethal salinity-96 h calculated was 11.88 g/L, the survival salinity maximum was between 6 and 7 g/L, and the median lethal salinity was 9.35 g/L. There was a significant interaction between feeding time and water salinity. Considering that the B. splendens is a freshwater species, it was concluded that this species demonstrated a high tolerance to water salinity.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Tolerância aguda e crônica de adultos de beta, Betta splendens, à salinidade da água

Zuanon

Salaro

Veras³

et al. 2009

R. Bras. Zootec.

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“…Although no significant decrease in the mean species richness and helminth individuals was observed, there was a sudden decline when the anchovy moved from the estuary to the Yangtze River. The sudden decrease of salinity may have adverse effects on the survival of helminths (Mö ller, 1978;Soleng and Bakke, 1997;Kirk et al, 2000). Some individuals of the 2 dominant helminths were lost when the anchovy migrated from brackish water to freshwater.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Survival time of the nematode larva Anguillicoloides crassus in intermediate and paratenic hosts was maximal in freshwater and declined with an increase in salinity (Kirk et al, 2000). Populations of the freshwater monogenean Gyrodactylus salaris in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar declined and became extinct when salinity increased from 7.5% to 33.0% after a few minutes (Soleng and Bakke, 1997). Although some Anisakis spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Richness and Diversity of Helminth Communities In the Japanese Grenadier Anchovy, Coilia nasus, During Its Anadromous Migration In the Yangtze River, China

Zou

et al. 2012

Journal of Parasitology

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To determine the relationship between the species richness, diversity of helminth communities, and migration distance during upward migration from coast to freshwater, helminth communities in the anadromous fish Coilia nasus were investigated along the coast of the East China Sea, the Yangtze Estuary, and 3 localities on the Yangtze River. Six helminth species were found in 224 C. nasus. Changes in salinity usually reduced the survival time of parasites, and thus the number of helminth species and their abundance. Except for the 2 dominant helminths, the acanthocephalan Acanthosentis cheni and the nematode Contracaecum sp., mean abundance of other 4 species of helminths was rather low (,1.0) during the upward migration in the Yangtze River. Mean abundance of the 2 dominant helminths peaked in the Yangtze Estuary and showed no obvious decrease among the 3 localities on the Yangtze River. Mean species richness, Brillouin's index, and Shannon index were also highest in the estuary (1.93 ± 0.88, 0.28 ± 0.25, and 0.37 ± 0.34, respectively) and did not exhibit marked decline at the 3 localities on the Yangtze River. A significant negative correlation was not seen between the similarity and the geographical distance (R 5 20.5104, P 5 0.1317). The strong salinity tolerance of intestinal helminths, relatively brief stay in the Yangtze River, and large amount of feeding on small fish and shrimp when commencing spawning migration perhaps were responsible for the results.The anadromous Japanese grenadier anchovy, Coilia nasus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846), is distributed in the northwestern Pacific. The fish usually feeds and overwinters in the coastal waters and spawns in freshwater. When the anchovy population distributed in coasts of the East China Sea commences migration, the fish can be first found in the Yangtze Estuary in February and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in April (Yuan et al., 1980;Yuan, 1987;Li et al., 2007). The anchovy returns to the coasts when spawning is completed from April to October in the same year in the Yangtze River (Yuan et al., 1980;Yuan, 1987;Li et al., 2007).With adaptation of fish to a decline of salinity, parasites in the fish also need to cope with changes in the osmotic pressure. A long stay would reduce survival of the freshwater parasites in salt water or marine parasites in freshwater. The mean intensity of 1 freshwater ectoparasite and 2 endoparasites in Oncorhynchus nerka decreased when reared in seawater for 32-40 wk (Bailey et al., 1989). Survival time of the nematode larva Anguillicoloides crassus in intermediate and paratenic hosts was maximal in freshwater and declined with an increase in salinity (Kirk et al., 2000). Populations of the freshwater monogenean Gyrodactylus salaris in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar declined and became extinct when salinity increased from 7.5% to 33.0% after a few minutes (Soleng and Bakke, 1997). Although some Anisakis spp. larvae with high salinity tolerance survived for more than half a year in freshwater, some survived less than...

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“…Outlets of infected rivers into fjords were found to be located sufficiently close to each other that this seemed a plausible proposition. Circumstantial evidence supporting this hypothesis has subsequently appeared: (1) the salinity tolerance of G. salaris (Soleng & Bakke 1997); (2) records of G. salaris infection in salmon smolts in brackish water (Soleng et al 1998); (3) juvenile salmon migration in fjords (Lund & Heggberget 1992, Finstad et al 2005; and (4) risk assessment models (Høgåsen & Brun 2003). Johnsen & Jensen (1991), Soleng et al (1998) and Høgåsen & Brun (2003) all give accounts of the mechanisms by which inter-river dispersal of G. salaris on fish migrating through brackish water in fjords may occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…G. salaris fecundity, longevity and transmission rates are influenced by water temperature (Jansen & Bakke 1991, Soleng et al 1999, Cable et al 2000. Additionally, the parasite is known to have limited tolerance to salt water (Soleng & Bakke 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic risk factors for inter-river dispersal of Gyrodactylus salaris in fjord systems in Norway

Jansen¹,

Matthews²,

Toft³

2007

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Gyrodactylus salaris has been recorded in 46 Norwegian rivers since 1975 and is considered a threat to Atlantic salmon stocks. The primary introductions of G. salaris (primary infected rivers) have been accounted for by specific events, as reported in the literature. The parasite has subsequently dispersed to adjacent localities (secondary infected rivers). The objective of this paper is to address the occurrence of secondary infections by examining the hypothesis of inter-river dispersal of G. salaris. A dispersal model for the secondary river infections via migrating infected fish is proposed. Due to the limited tolerance of G. salaris to salinity, both freshwater inflow to dispersal pathways and dispersal distance were expected to influence the probability of inter-river dispersal. Eighteen rivers were categorised as primary infected rivers, 28 as secondary infected rivers, and 54 as rivers at risk. Four risk factors: the log 10 freshwater inflow; the dispersal distance; the time at risk; and the salmon harvest were combined in a multi-variable logistic regression model of the probability of secondary infection. The final multi-variable model included log 10 freshwater inflow (Wald chisquare = 9.93) and dispersal distance (Wald chi-square = 6.48). Receiver operating characteristic analyses of the final model supported freshwater inflow as a strong predictor of G. salaris infection status. The strong influence of the freshwater inflow on the probability of secondary infection adds further support to the hypothesis of inter-river dispersal of G. salaris through fjords. KEY WORDS: Gyrodactylus salaries · Atlantic salmon · Dispersal model · Fjord systemsResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Salinity tolerance of Gyrodactylus salaris (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea): laboratory studies

Cited by 46 publications

References 27 publications

Tolerância aguda e crônica de adultos de beta, Betta splendens, à salinidade da água

Tolerância aguda e crônica de adultos de beta, Betta splendens, à salinidade da água

Richness and Diversity of Helminth Communities In the Japanese Grenadier Anchovy, Coilia nasus, During Its Anadromous Migration In the Yangtze River, China

Geographic risk factors for inter-river dispersal of Gyrodactylus salaris in fjord systems in Norway

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