Safety of Lithium-Ion Cells and Batteries at Different States-of-Charge

Joshi, Tapesh; Azam, Saad; López, Carlos F.; Kinyon, Steven; Jeevarajan, Judith A.

doi:10.1149/1945-7111/abc8c4

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The specific hazards related to thermal runaway are proportional to the battery SOC, although the specific thresholds for this determination are dependent on LIB system chemistry. 4…”

Section: Key Metrics For Lib Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes recently made to UL 9540 will help simplify this process for designers and jurisdictions, but code authority review of the UL 9540A report remains an important part of installation acceptance. 4 12,13 As the research affiliate of NFPA, the Fire Protection Research Foundation is an independent nonprofit whose mission is to plan, manage, and communicate research in support of NFPA Codes and Standards activities. To ensure the research remained independent, the Foundation was formed as a separate 501(c) (3) organization.…”

Section: Prevention and Protection Strategies For Lithium-ion Thermal...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the theoretical lower limit of battery capacity stops at 0% SOC, overdischarge can take a LIB into a negative SOC range, which exposes the cell(s) to damage and decomposition. The specific hazards related to thermal runaway are proportional to the battery SOC, although the specific thresholds for this determination are dependent on LIB system chemistry 4 …”

Section: Lithium‐ion Battery Basicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding and managing hazards of lithium‐ion battery systems

Snyder¹,

Theis²

2022

Process Safety Progress

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Over the last decade, the rapid development of lithium‐ion battery (LIB) technology has provided many new opportunities for both Energy Storage Systems (ESS) and Electric Vehicle (EV) markets. At the same time, fire and explosion risks associated with this type of high‐energy battery technology have become a major safety concern. Many advances have been made in understanding reactive chemistry and fire‐safety issues related to both thermal runaway and fire hazards presented by LIBs. Thermal runaway or fire can occur from battery manufacturing defects, charging system malfunctions, extreme abuse conditions that may result from a faulty operation or traffic accidents, and end‐of‐life battery handling. Failure of the battery is often accompanied by the release of toxic gas, fire, jet flames, and explosion hazards, which present unique exposures to workers and emergency response personnel. LIB fires often present complex emergency response challenges, requiring extensive amounts of water applied over several hours to cool batteries, extinguish the fire, and prevent reignition. This paper overviews the fundamental principles required to establish a basis of safety for proper storage, handling, and use of LIBs. Starting with an overview of the technology used in LIB systems, the paper will provide a review of common sources for thermal runaways and fire events and practical ways used to prevent their occurrence. While regulatory coverage for LIB storage, handling, and use is still in various stages of development, a growing body of international best practices and consensus views have emerged. Finally, to safely address thermal runaway and fire events, an overview of global best practices for emergency response activities involving LIBs is provided.

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“…The specific hazards related to thermal runaway are proportional to the battery SOC, although the specific thresholds for this determination are dependent on LIB system chemistry. 4…”

Section: Key Metrics For Lib Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevention and Protection Strategies For Lithium-ion Thermal...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lithium‐ion Battery Basicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Understanding and managing hazards of lithium‐ion battery systems

Snyder¹,

Theis²

2022

Process Safety Progress

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“…Various testing organizations have developed procedures for performing this test. [15][16][17][18] Current strategies use a combination of cell selection, spacing of cells, 19 and interstitial material to build passive propagation resistance into the pack. Various organizations are currently working on understanding the heat dissipation and conduction properties in the batteries to design safer batteries with thermal runaway propagation resistance characteristics.…”

Section: Propagation Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

New developments in battery safety for large-scale systems

Lamb

Jeevarajan

2021

MRS Bulletin

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Battery safety is a multidisciplinary field that involves addressing challenges at the individual component level, cell level, as well as the system level. These concerns are magnified when addressing large, high-energy battery systems for grid-scale, electric vehicle, and aviation applications. This article seeks to introduce common concepts in battery safety as well as common technical concerns in the safety of large rechargeable systems. Lithium-ion batteries represent the most significant technology in high-energy rechargeable batteries and a technology with well-known safety concerns. Because of this, particular attention is paid to introduce common concepts and concerns specific to these batteries. An introduction of system-level battery issues that may cause problems in larger systems is given. Finally, a brief summary of the gaps in emergent technologies is provided. As most of the effort in new technologies goes toward improving performance, there are significant gaps in understanding safety performance of these new batteries.

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“…The tab that is burned off is the one with the lower melting point and is different for various manufacturers (anode or cathode). 24 The PTCs in cylindrical lithium-ion cells are doughnutshaped devices that have a conductive polymer sandwiched between two stainless steel discs. Under high currents and high temperatures, these devices get activated due to the expansion of the polymer, which increases the resistance of the device, leading to a reduction in the current going in to or out of the cell.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%