Safety and efficacy of emamectin benzoate to treat <i>Anguillicoloides crassus</i> (Kuwahara, Niimi &amp; Itagaki) infections in American eels, <i>Anguilla rostrata</i> (Lesueur)

Larrat, Sylvain; Marvin, J; Lair, Stéphane

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01366.x

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…6,9 Only one previous report has demonstrated limited efficacy against intestinal nematodes. 19 The authors found that one dose of emamectin benzoate gavaged to the American eel (Anguilla rostrata) resulted in the death of 40% of the adults of Anguillicoloides crassus, a swim bladder nematode. 19 In our efficacy study, 0.25 mg/kg was highly effective in reducing but not completely eliminating nematodes.…”

Section: Emamectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 The authors found that one dose of emamectin benzoate gavaged to the American eel (Anguilla rostrata) resulted in the death of 40% of the adults of Anguillicoloides crassus, a swim bladder nematode. 19 In our efficacy study, 0.25 mg/kg was highly effective in reducing but not completely eliminating nematodes. Fish treated with this dose demonstrated no evidence of mature nematodes capable of reproducing and laying more eggs.…”

Section: Emamectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tolerance and Efficacy of Emamectin Benzoate and Ivermectin for the Treatment of Pseudocapillaria tomentosa in Laboratory Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

et al. 2014

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Tolerance of adult zebrafish and efficacy of emamectin benzoate and ivermectin in eliminating Pseudocapillaria tomentosa infection were evaluated. In the tolerance study, behavioral changes, fecundity, histopathology, and mortality were evaluated for in-feed administration of emamectin (0.05, 0.10, and 0.25 mg/kg) and ivermectin (0.05 and 0.10 mg/kg). All doses of emamectin were well tolerated. Ivermectin 0.05 mg/kg administration resulted in mild behavioral changes and a transient decrease in fecundity. Ivermectin 0.10 mg/kg administration resulted in severe behavioral changes and some mortality. In the efficacy study, emamectin (0.05 and 0.25 mg/kg) and ivermectin (0.05 mg/kg) were evaluated for their efficacy in eliminating P. tomentosa infection. Emamectin reduced parasite burden in infected zebrafish, and ivermectin eliminated intestinal nematode infections. Despite a small margin of safety, ivermectin 0.05 mg/kg was effective at eliminating P. tomentosa infection in adult zebrafish. Higher doses or a longer course of treatment may be needed for complete elimination of P. tomentosa infection using emamectin. In this study, we propose two possible treatments for intestinal nematode infections in zebrafish.

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Section: Emamectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Emamectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance and Efficacy of Emamectin Benzoate and Ivermectin for the Treatment of Pseudocapillaria tomentosa in Laboratory Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

et al. 2014

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“…2008;Horsberg 2012). Moreover, SLICE has been tested for controlling infections of the endoparasitic nematode Anguillicoloides crassus in freshwaterheld American Eels Anguilla rostrata (Larrat et al 2012), and EB has been tested for controlling infestations of two ectoparasitic crustacean copepods (Lernanthropus kroyeri in seawaterreared European Bass Morone [Dicentrarchus] labrax: Tokşen et al 2006; Caligus curtus in seawater-reared Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua: Hamre et al 2011) and for its in vitro effect against the endoparasitic monogenean Acolpenteron ureteroecetes collected from freshwater-reared Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides (Reimschuessel et al 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…al. 2000;Stone et al 2000aStone et al , 2002; one study has evaluated the safety of SLICE for use with freshwater-reared Common Carp (Braun et al 2008), and a preliminary study has investigated the safety of SLICE for freshwater-held American Eels (Larrat et al 2012). Nevertheless, additional data are needed to demonstrate the safety of SLICE for use with other freshwaterreared fishes and to establish an associated margin of safety.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Safety of SLICE (0.2% Emamectin Benzoate) Administered in Feed to Fingerling Rainbow Trout

2013

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SLICE (0.2% emamectin benzoate [EB]) is an in‐feed treatment that has been shown to be effective and safe for controlling infestations of several ectoparasitic crustacean copepods and branchiurans in a variety of seawater‐ and freshwater‐reared fishes. Although the safety of EB (in a pre‐SLICE formulation) for use with seawater‐reared Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss has been demonstrated, the safety of SLICE for freshwater‐reared Rainbow Trout has not. Consequently, we conducted a trial to evaluate the safety of SLICE for freshwater‐reared Rainbow Trout when administered in feed at a dose of 0 (0×), 50 (1 × the maximum proposed therapeutic dose [1×]), 100 (2×), or 150 (3×) μg of EB·kg of fish body weight (BW)−1·d−1 for 14 d (2 × the proposed 7‐d treatment duration). Medicated feed was prepared by top‐coating commercially available feed with SLICE. Rainbow Trout fingerlings (mean TL ± SD = 7.4 ± 0.7 cm; mean weight ± SD = 4.4 ± 1.2 g) were stocked into 57‐L flow‐through tanks at 20 fish/tank. Diets were randomly assigned to four replicate tanks per treatment; fish in four additional, nontrial tanks were fed control diets and were weighed weekly to calculate the proper feeding quantities. Throughout the trial, water quality was maintained within ranges suitable for Rainbow Trout culture, fish were fed the assigned feeds at 4% BW/d divided equally between three feedings, and fish behavior was characterized as normal. Fish in the 0×, 1×, and 2× exposure groups consumed all of the offered feed at least 92% of the time, whereas fish in the 3× exposure group consumed all of the offered feed 75% of the time. No fish died, and gross and microscopic fish health evaluations revealed no chronic toxicity patterns. Based on these results, we conclude that there is an adequate margin of safety associated with administering SLICE‐medicated feed to fingerling Rainbow Trout at the proposed therapeutic treatment regimen of 50 μg EB·kg fish BW−1·d−1 for 7 d.

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“…In our first studies, we found that emamectin benzoate delivered by top coating food with SLICE ® was effective for treating experimentally infected fish early in the infection when at 0.25 mg emamectin benzoate/kg fish/day for 10 days was employed (Collymore et al, ). In regard to other parasitic nematodes, this compound has also been used for treating the nematode Aguillicoloides crassus in the American eel Aguilla rostrata by oral gavage (Larrat, Marvin, & Lair, ). Whereas we observed no toxic side effects in zebrafish, a few P. tomentosa worms were still detected following treatment (Collymore et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further evaluation of the efficacy of emamectin benzoate for treating Pseudocapillaria tomentosa (Dujardin 1843) in zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822)

Kent

Watral

Gaulke

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Pseudocapillaria tomentosa is a pathogenic nematode parasite, causing emaciation and severe inflammatory lesions in the intestines in zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822). Emamectin benzoate is commercially available analogue of ivermectin used for treating salmon for sea lice, under the brand name SLICE®, and we have used this for treating zebrafish with the P. tomentosa. Here, SLICE®, 0.2 per cent active emamectin benzoate, was used for oral treatments at 0.35 mg emamectin benzoate/kg fish/day for 14 days starting at 7 days post‐exposure (dpe). Another experiment entailed initiating treatment during clinical disease (starting at 28 dpe). Early treatment was very effective, but delaying treatment was less so, presumably due to inappetence in clinically affected fish. We evaluated emamectin benzoate delivered in water, using Lice‐Solve™ (mectinsol; 1.4% active emamectin benzoate) in two experiments. Application of four 24‐hr treatments, space over 7 days was initiated at 28 dpe at either 0.168 or 0.56 mg emamectin benzoate/L/bath, and both treatments completely eradicated infections. This was 3 or 10 times manufacture's recommended dose, but was not associated with clinical or histological side effects.

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Safety and efficacy of emamectin benzoate to treat Anguillicoloides crassus (Kuwahara, Niimi & Itagaki) infections in American eels, Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur)

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Tolerance and Efficacy of Emamectin Benzoate and Ivermectin for the Treatment of Pseudocapillaria tomentosa in Laboratory Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Tolerance and Efficacy of Emamectin Benzoate and Ivermectin for the Treatment of Pseudocapillaria tomentosa in Laboratory Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

The Safety of SLICE (0.2% Emamectin Benzoate) Administered in Feed to Fingerling Rainbow Trout

Further evaluation of the efficacy of emamectin benzoate for treating Pseudocapillaria tomentosa (Dujardin 1843) in zebrafish Danio rerio (Hamilton 1822)

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