Safety and Effectiveness of Intravenous Iron Therapy in Patients Supported by Durable Left Ventricular Assist Devices

Abstract

Aims: While it is common practice to use intravenous (IV) iron in patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) and iron deficiency, there is insufficient evidence regarding outcomes in this patient population. We evaluated the safety and effectiveness of IV iron therapy in patients supported by LVADs with iron deficiency. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of iron deficient patients on continuous LVAD support at a large academic center between 2008 and 2019. Patients were divided into two cohorts based on IV iron sucrose treatment. The primary endpoint was hemoglobin at 12 weeks. Secondary endpoints were mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class at 12 weeks. Safety endpoints included hospitalization, infection, pump thrombosis, arrhythmia, and gastrointestinal bleed. Models were weighted by the inverse probability of receiving IV iron using a propensity score, and endpoints were adjusted for their corresponding baseline values. Results: Among 213 patients, 70 patients received IV iron and 143 patients did not. Hemoglobin at 12 weeks was significantly greater among those treated (intergroup difference: 0.6 g/dL; 95% CI, 0.1 to 1.1; p = 0.01), while MCV was similar in both groups (intergroup difference: 0.7 μm3; 95% CI, −1.3 to 2.7; p = 0.50). NYHA class distribution at 12 weeks was significantly different (odds ratio for improvement: 2.84; 95% CI, 1.42 to 4.68; p = 0.003). The hazards of adverse events in each group were similar. Conclusions: In patients with LVADs and iron deficiency, treatment with IV iron sucrose was safe and associated with improvements in functional status and hemoglobin.