S-100 Serum Levels after Minor and Major Head Injury

Rothoerl, Ralf Dirk; Woertgen, Chris; Holzschuh, M.; Metz, Christoph; Brawanski, Alexander

doi:10.1097/00005373-199810000-00025

Cited by 106 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, B1 samples were available for nine of these impacts and none of these samples were above the theoretical maximum serum level of S100B which can be achieved by stress or exercise induced failure of the blood brain barrier only (32). In addition, the Head Impact Group's mean B1 level was below the values reported for patients admitted to hospital with minor head trauma (Glasgow Coma Scale 13-15) (9,12,27,36,41,48,53), and under the half of the mean serum S100B levels reported for minor head trauma patients with CT and/or MRI abnormalities (9,12,41).…”

Section: S100b and Minor Head Traumamentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Highly increased values have been reported after multi-trauma and burns without head injury (5), as well as smaller increases after swimming (16), running and boxing (16,42). Yet, the increase seen in S100B concentration after exercise was lower than values reported after minor head traumas (9,12,14,27,36,41,48,53). S100B is increased after playing a soccer match and appears to be related to the number of headers (54,56).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Protein S100B is a Ca 2+ -binding protein mainly attached to the membranes in glial cells in the central and peripheral nervous system (astrocytes or Schwan cells), although it is also expressed in melanocytes, adipocytes and chondrocytes outside the nervous system (18,62,68). The serum levels of S100B increases rapidly after a traumatic brain injury and some studies have reported a 10-15 fold increase above baseline levels, followed by a significant decrease the next 4-6 hours due to its short half-life (10,27,28,38,48,63). An increased level of S100B after minor head traumas has been reported to be associated with pathological findings on CT scans (9,36), prolonged in-hospital stays (38), prolonged absence from work (59), post concussive complaints (14,50) and disability one year after the incident (53).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Minor Head Trauma in Soccer and Serum Levels of S100b

Straume-Næsheim¹,

Andersen²,

Jochum³

et al. 2008

Neurosurgery

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Objective: To compare the serum levels of S100B after a head trauma to the effect of heading, high-intensity exercise and playing a league match. Heading and head traumas in soccer have been suspected to cause brain impairment. The protein S100B is a marker of acute neuronal tissue damage.Method: Baseline S100B was measured in 535 Norwegian professional soccer players. 228 head impacts were registered from 352 league matches. Three teams (N=48) performed a high-intensive exercise session without heading and a low-intensity session with heading exercises. Blood samples were drawn within one hour (B1) and the following morning (B12) after a match/training for the four groups: Head Impact (N=65), Match Control (Match participants without head impact, N=49), High-Intensive Exercise (N=35), Heading (N=36).Results: Serum S100B increased from baseline to B1 for all groups. The increase for the match groups (Head Impact and Match Control) was significantly higher than for both the training groups. However, no significant differences between the Head Impact and Match Control groups or between the two training groups were found. A total of 39 (33.9%) players showed elevated B1 values (≥ 0.12 ng/mL) after a match, but these were equally distributed between the Match Control Group and the Head Impact Group. Conclusion:Both soccer training and soccer matches cause a transient increase in S100B. There is a possible additive effect of activity with high intensity and heading, but minor head impacts do not seem to cause an additional increase.

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Section: S100b and Minor Head Traumamentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Minor Head Trauma in Soccer and Serum Levels of S100b

Straume-Næsheim¹,

Andersen²,

Jochum³

et al. 2008

Neurosurgery

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“…Thus, only the results of 42 patients (aged 3-90 years) were found suitable for further analysis (Table). Based on their admission Glasgow Coma Scores (GCS) scores, patients were grouped into mild (13)(14)(15), moderate (9-12) and severe head injury (scores equal to and less than 8).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Admission S-100β Predict the Extent of Brain Damage in Head Trauma Patients?

Schültke

Sadanand²,

Kelly³

et al. 2009

Can. j. neurol. sci.

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612S-100β, a small monomer of the calcium-binding S-100 protein family, is present in high concentrations in astrocytes and Schwann cells. S-100β levels in serum were initially identified as a valuable marker in the assessment of cerebral injury during cardiovascular surgery and stroke. [1][2][3][4] Over the last decade, several groups have published their results correlating S-100β levels in serum to the severity of brain damage and patient outcome. Positive correlation of S-100β levels with computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were documented. [5][6][7][8][9][10] In patients who had suffered mild head trauma, S-100β levels in serum were found to be a specific but not very sensitive predictor for postconcussion symptoms 11 , while no correlation was found between S-100β serum levels and cognitive performance in the early stage of recovery. 12 S-100β serum levels were found to be a ABSTRACT: Background: As has been shown previously, S-100β levels in serum can be a useful predictor of brain damage after head trauma. This pilot study was designed to investigate whether urine samples, which are much easier to obtain, could be used for the same purpose instead of serum samples. Methods: Ninety-six consecutive patients admitted with head trauma were recruited in the study. After exclusion of 54 patients, mostly because of significant additional trauma, S-100β levels were analyzed in serum and urine of 42 patients using a luminometric assay. A range for normal values was established based on samples from ten healthy volunteers. Results: S-100β serum levels increased proportional to the severity of the head trauma, as had been previously shown by several other groups. In many patients, initial increases in urine S-100β levels were seen later than in serum, after which the kinetics of S-100β levels in urine seemed to follow that established for serum levels. S-100β values in urine were on average about 54% lower in urine than in serum. Conclusions: S-100β levels in urine obtained on admission to the hospital are not a good indicator for the extent of brain damage. However, urine S-100β levels obtained at later time points might be a useful indicator for the development of secondary brain injury. RÉSUMÉ: Le niveau de S-100β au moment de l'admission peut-il prédire l'étendue du dommage cérébral chez les traumatisés crâniens?Contexte : Tel que démontré antérieurement, les niveaux sériques de S-100β peuvent être utiles pour prédire le dommage cérébral après un traumatisme crânien. Cette étude pilote a été conçue afin d'étudier si des échantillons d'urine, qui sont beaucoup plus faciles à obtenir, pourraient être utilisés à cet effet plutôt que des échantillons de sérum. Méthodes : Quatre-vingt-seize patients consécutifs admis pour traumatisme crânien ont été inclus dans l'étude. Cinquante-quatre patients ont été exclus de l'étude, la plupart du temps à cause de la présence d'autres traumatismes importants. Les niveaux de S-100β ont été mesurés dans le sérum et l'urine de 42 patients au ...

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“…Discussion S100 protein is reported to be a sensitive and reliable marker of cellular brain damage. It can be applied for both primary diagnosis and long-term prognosis after severe TBI (27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). In the past, clinical studies predominantly used the Sangtec ᮋ 100 luminescence immunoassay, which is provided either for the LIAmat ᮋ S100 or the LIAISON ᮋ S100 analyzer (all from DiaSorin S.p.A., Dietzenbach, Germany).…”

Section: Roc Curve Analysis and Auc Calculation For S100 Serum Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significance of Elecsys® S100 immunoassay for real-time assessment of traumatic brain damage in multiple trauma patients

Mussack¹,

Kirchhoff²,

Buhmann³

et al. 2006

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM)

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Background: The neuroprotein S100 released into the circulation has been suggested as a reliable marker for primary brain damage. However, safe identification of relevant traumatic brain injury (TBI) may possibly be hampered by S100 release from peripheral tissue. The objective of this study was to measure early S100 levels using the Elecsys ᮋ S100 immunoassay for real-time assessment of severe TBI in multiple trauma. Methods: Consecutively admitted multiple trauma patients (injury severity score G16 points) were stratified according to the results of the initial cerebral computed tomography (CCT) examination. S100 serum levels were determined at admission and at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after trauma. Data were correlated to creatine phosphokinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) serum levels. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the discriminating power of S100 measurement was calculated for the detection of CCTq findings. Results: Median S100 levels of CCTq patients (ns9;

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S-100 Serum Levels after Minor and Major Head Injury

Abstract: S-100 appears to be a promising marker for the severity of head injury and neuronal damage.

Cited by 106 publications

References 15 publications

Minor Head Trauma in Soccer and Serum Levels of S100b

Minor Head Trauma in Soccer and Serum Levels of S100b

Can Admission S-100β Predict the Extent of Brain Damage in Head Trauma Patients?

Significance of Elecsys® S100 immunoassay for real-time assessment of traumatic brain damage in multiple trauma patients

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