Rydberg Excitations in Bose-Einstein Condensates in Quasi-One-Dimensional Potentials and Optical Lattices

Viteau, Matthieu; Bason, M. G.; Radogostowicz, J.; Malossi, Nicola; Ciampini, Donatella; Morsch, O.; Arimondo, E.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.107.060402

Cited by 144 publications

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“…Further research has found collective quantum jump between a state of low Rydberg population and a state of high Rydberg population [8]. These researches open up a new window to use Rydberg atoms for quantum nonequilibrium dynamics simulation [9].When two atoms are close, the excitation of one atom is prohibited by an already excited neighboring atom due to the level shift by the strong dipole-dipole interaction at a short distance [10]. This phenomenon is called dipole blockade effect and has played an important role in current Rydberg atom researches [11][12][13].…”

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Phase diagram of Rydberg atoms in a nonequilibrium optical lattice

Qian¹,

Dong²,

Zhou³

et al. 2012

Phys. Rev. A

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We study the quantum nonequilibrium dynamics of ultracold three-level atoms trapped in an optical lattice, which are excited to their Rydberg states via a two-photon excitation with nonnegligible spontaneous emission. Rich quantum phases including uniform phase, antiferromagnetic phase and oscillatory phase are identified. We map out the phase diagram and find these phases can be controlled by adjusting the ratio of intensity of the pump light to the control light, and that of two-photon detuning to the Rydberg interaction strength. When the two-photon detuning is blue-shifted and the latter ratio is less than 1, bistability exists among the phases. Actually, this ratio controls the Rydberg-blockade and antiblockade effect, thus the phase transition in this system can be considered as a possible approach to study both effects. Introduction: Rydberg atoms with principal quantum number n ≫ 1 have exaggerated atomic properties including strong dipole-dipole interactions and long radiative lifetimes [1]. These properties are attractive for quantum information processing [2,3] and quantum many-body dynamics simulation [4,5]. Most of these researches require a negligible spontaneous emission for reducing the quantum decoherence [6]. However, a recent research shows that when spontaneous emission is significant, quantum nonequilibrium dynamics could be demonstrated using Rydberg atom gases [7]. The system investigated is like a spin-1/2 particle system, which undergoes a phase transition from a spatially uniform phase to an antiferromagnetic phase by tuning the laser frequency as shown in Ref. [7]. Moreover, the nonequilibrium induced by the spontaneous emission leads to an oscillatory phase. Further research has found collective quantum jump between a state of low Rydberg population and a state of high Rydberg population [8]. These researches open up a new window to use Rydberg atoms for quantum nonequilibrium dynamics simulation [9].When two atoms are close, the excitation of one atom is prohibited by an already excited neighboring atom due to the level shift by the strong dipole-dipole interaction at a short distance [10]. This phenomenon is called dipole blockade effect and has played an important role in current Rydberg atom researches [11][12][13]. However, recent theoretical and experimental investigations have shown that in a three-level two-photon Rydberg excitation scheme, there also exists antiblockade effect due to the Aulter-Townes splitting induced by the lower transition [14,15]. The possibility of enhancing the antiblockade effect by trapping atoms within a lattice has been proposed [15]. So far, the exploration of physical effect of the coexistence of blockade effect and antiblockade effect on quantum dynamics of Rydberg atom gases in this two-step excitation scheme still remains at its early stage.In this paper, we propose to study the quantum nonequilibrium dynamics of three-level atoms trapped within a lattice via a two-step excitation. Adopting the mean field approach used in Ref. [7], we predict t...

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Phase diagram of Rydberg atoms in a nonequilibrium optical lattice

Qian¹,

Dong²,

Zhou³

et al. 2012

Phys. Rev. A

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“…array of cavities [27,28], atoms within a cavity [29], and Rydberg atoms in an optical lattice [30][31][32][33]. Recently, it was pointed that [34], an imaginary transverse field may be implemented by optically pumping a qubit state into the auxiliary state.…”

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Finite-temperature quantum criticality in a complex-parameter plane

Song

2015

Phys. Rev. A

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A conventional quantum phase transition (QPT) occurs not only at zero temperature, but also exhibits finite-temperature quantum criticality. Motivated by the discovery of the pseudo-Hermiticity of non-Hermitian systems, we explore the finite-temperature quantum criticality in a non-Hermitian PT -symmetric Ising model. We present the complete set of exact eigenstates of the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian, based on which the mixed-state fidelity in the context of biorthogonal bases is calculated. Analytical and numerical results show that the fidelity approach to finite-temperature QPT can be extended to the non-Hermitian Ising model. This paves the way for experimental detection of quantum criticality in a complex-parameter plane.

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“…The blockade originates from large electrostatic energy shifts between atoms in Rydberg states and has recently been demonstrated experimentally for atoms trapped in individual optical traps [19,20]. Also first experiments with Rydberg atoms in a lattice [21] have been conducted. We will discuss which anyonic interactions can be realized in such a system and how anyonic degrees of freedom can be measured experimentally.…”

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“…Hamiltonian (1) has been studied in a number of theoretical works [22][23][24][25] and recent experiments have shown that it accurately reflects the physics of laser driven Rydberg gases [21,26]. We are here interested in a parameter regime in which the nearest neighbor interaction is the largest energy scale, i.e.…”

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Interacting Fibonacci anyons in a Rydberg gas

2012

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A defining property of particles is their behavior under exchange. In two dimensions anyons can exist which, opposed to fermions and bosons, gain arbitrary relative phase factors [1] or even undergo a change of their type. In the latter case one speaks of non-Abelian anyons -a particularly simple and aesthetic example of which are Fibonacci anyons [2]. They have been studied in the context of fractional quantum Hall physics where they occur as quasiparticles in the k = 3 Read-Rezayi state [3], which is conjectured to describe a fractional quantum Hall state at filling fraction ν = 12/5 [4]. Here we show that the physics of interacting Fibonacci anyons [5] can be studied with strongly interacting Rydberg atoms in a lattice, when due to the dipole blockade [6] the simultaneous laser excitation of adjacent atoms is forbidden. The Hilbert space maps then directly on the fusion space of Fibonacci anyons and a proper tuning of the laser parameters renders the system into an interacting topological liquid of non-Abelian anyons. We discuss the low-energy properties of this system and show how to experimentally measure anyonic observables.There is great interest in studying many-body systems of interacting anyons as they often exhibit exotic quantum phases [5,[7][8][9]. A further motivation is that the exchange of anyons -the braiding -permits the implementation of robust protocols for quantum information processing [10][11][12]. Physically, anyons emerge as quasi particles on the ground state of an interacting manybody system and recently there has been put much effort in implementing and exploring anyonic models with cold atoms [13][14][15], polar molecules [16] and trapped ions [17]. A model which has been much studied -in particular in the context of quantum information processing -is Kitaev's toric code [18]. Excitations on the ground state are Abelian anyons, which merely acquire a phase when braided. A more complex and exotic scenario is encountered in the non-Abelian case, i.e. when anyons can undergo an actual change of their type under braiding.A particularly simple example of non-Abelian anyons are Fibonacci anyons which occur in two types: A trivial particle referred to as 1 and a non-trivial particle denoted by τ . A convenient way to define an anyonic system is through fusion rules for the particle types (see e.g. Refs.[2, 12]), which for Fibonacci anyons readThe first three rules are a consequence of the trivial nature of a 1-anyon. The fourth rule states that two anyons of type τ can fuse such that the result is either the trivial particle or a τ -anyon. This can be thought of as being analogous to the merging of two spin 1/2 particles ( 1 2 ⊗ 1 2 = 0 ⊕ 1), which can yield either a singlet (total spin 0) or a triplet (total spin 1).For a set of N anyons of type τ it can be shown that a basis of the underlying Hilbert space is spanned by all possible fusion paths [2], i.e. the number of ways in which these anyons can be successively fused. For large N , this number grows as ϕ N with ϕ = (1 + √ 5)/2 being t...

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Rydberg Excitations in Bose-Einstein Condensates in Quasi-One-Dimensional Potentials and Optical Lattices

Cited by 144 publications

References 28 publications

Phase diagram of Rydberg atoms in a nonequilibrium optical lattice

Phase diagram of Rydberg atoms in a nonequilibrium optical lattice

Finite-temperature quantum criticality in a complex-parameter plane

Interacting Fibonacci anyons in a Rydberg gas

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