Route oscillations in I-BGP with route reflection

Basu, Anindya; Ong, C.-H. Luke; Rasala, April; Shepherd, F. Bruce; Wilfong, Gordon

doi:10.1145/964725.633048

Cited by 39 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Applying Addpath, routers may provide their internal peers with clearly more information than common iBGP allows. The ability to advertise several paths per prefix in parallel led to the development of several path diversity schemes [14][15][16][17]: schemes, that would cause a significant load growth. Analyses for the Route Server architecture showed that scalability can be evaluated efficiently [16].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These schemes are specified in separate working documents [14,15] and iBGP architecture proposals, cf. [16] or [17], for example.…”

Section: The Add-path Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the schemes outlined in section 2.2 and proposed in [14][15][16][17] show, path diversity concepts may differ significantly. In this section, we derive an upper bound for the amount of ingoing routing information routers experience if the outlined concepts are applied.…”

Section: A Theoretical Framework For Scalability Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Scalability of iBGP Path Diversity Concepts

2011

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Abstract. Improving the path diversity seems to be the next fundamental step in the iBGP evolution. Focusing the advantages an improvement of the path diversity implies, network protocol designers have disregarded the most critical drawback so far: The effect on the scalability of the iBGP routing, a fundamental requirement for production usage. This aspect is examined by the analyses discussed in our paper. In this paper, we provide the theoretical groundwork for scalability analyses of four highly relevant path diversity schemes. Based on this groundwork, we exemplarily predict the information load the schemes induce in a system of a large ISP. Generalizing the system-specific results, we give an outlook on the load that can be expected in comparable ASs. We found that for two schemes currently in the standardization process, scalability problems in large ASs as they are operated by ISPs seem likely.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These schemes are specified in separate working documents [14,15] and iBGP architecture proposals, cf. [16] or [17], for example.…”

Section: The Add-path Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scalability of iBGP Path Diversity Concepts

2011

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“…Nevertheless, our algorithm will on average use fewer messages and less memory to prevent oscillations than the one presented in [1].…”

Section: Introduction the Internet Consists Of Millions Of Routersmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…al. [1]. Their solution solves the problem by letting route reflectors retransmit all routes, not only the best route.…”

Section: Introduction the Internet Consists Of Millions Of Routersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing oscillations in route reflector-based I-BGP

Klockar

Carr-Motyckova

Proceedings. 13th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (IEEE Cat. No.04EX969)

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Abstract-In this paper we present a modification to the Internal Border Gateway Protocol that prevents oscillation. We deal with oscillations caused by Multi-Exit-Discriminators within a single Autonomous System. The algorithm keeps track of all valid routes it has received. Then the best route is chosen from the set of valid routes. There is no need for extra messages as compared to the standard Internal Border Gateway Protocol. As long as there is just one route to a destination, the algorithm stays dormant and the properties of the standard Internal Border Gateway Protocol are preserved.

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Comprehensive Solution for Anomaly-Free BGP

Musunuri

Cobb

2005

Operations and Management in IP-Based Networks

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Abstract. The Internet consists of many self-administered and inter-connected Autonomous Systems (ASms). ASms exchange inter-AS routing information with each other via the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Neighboring BGP routers located in different ASms share their inter-AS routing information via external BGP (eBGP), whereas two routers in the same AS share their inter-AS routing information via internal BGP (iBGP). From the paths received from its peers, each BGP router chooses the best path based on routing policies chosen locally at its own AS. Conflicting policies between different ASms may cause divergence problems in eBGP, i.e., permanent oscillations in the chosen path to the destination. On the other hand, divergence problems may also occur in iBGP. This is caused by the interaction of routereflection clustering, which is a technique to improve the scalability of iBGP, and other factors, such as intra-AS link costs, among others. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive solution that avoids all the known anomalies with both eBGP and iBGP. In our solution, each AS can locally choose its routing policies, while still ensuring anomaly-free behavior.

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Route oscillations in I-BGP with route reflection

Cited by 39 publications

References 10 publications

Scalability of iBGP Path Diversity Concepts

Scalability of iBGP Path Diversity Concepts

Preventing oscillations in route reflector-based I-BGP

Comprehensive Solution for Anomaly-Free BGP

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