Rotavirus detection in bulk stool and rectal swab specimens in children with acute gastroenteritis in Norway

Gibory, Moustafa; Haltbakk, Ildri; Flem, Elmira; Vainio, Kirsti; Salamanca, Beatriz Valcárcel; Størdal, Ketil; Nordbø, Svein Arne; Jakobsen, Kirsti; Haarr, Elisebet

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2017.10.017

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies have shown that faecal samples and rectal swabs show satisfactory concordance when studying the gut microbiota in adults 6,7 . In the paediatric population, rectal swabs have been compared to faecal samples with respect to the detection of specific pathogens, such as norovirus 8 , but not yet on their performance in analysing the overall microbiota composition. The infant gut microbiota is very dynamic in the first weeks of life 9,10 , so it would be valuable to verify whether rectal swabs give a reliable representation of its composition in this period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rectal swabs are a reliable proxy for faecal samples in infant gut microbiota research based on 16S-rRNA sequencing

Reyman

Houten

Arp

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Rectal swabs are potentially a valuable method for monitoring the gut microbiome in research and clinical settings, where it is important to adhere to strict timing, or where acute sampling is needed. It is currently unknown whether rectal swabs give comparable results to faecal samples regarding microbiota community composition in neonates and infants. To study how well the two sampling methods correlate in infants, we compared the 16S-rRNA-based sequencing results of 131 paired rectal swabs and faecal samples collected from 116 infants at two timepoints in early life. The paired samples were highly comparable regarding both diversity and overall community composition, and strongly correlated on taxonomical level. We observed no significant nor relevant contribution of sampling method to the variation in overall gut microbiota community composition in a multivariable model. Our study provides evidence supporting the use of rectal swabs as a reliable proxy for faecal samples in infant gut microbiota research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rectal swabs are a reliable proxy for faecal samples in infant gut microbiota research based on 16S-rRNA sequencing

Reyman

Houten

Arp

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…We have previously shown that rectal swabs are suitable and can be used for the detection of rotavirus when bulk stool is difficult to acquire and that the EIA method has the same high sensitivity of 95% for detection of RV strains compared to the molecular method making it suitable for screening. 20 The present study investigated the appropriateness of rectal swabs for genotyping compared to bulk stool and the correlation was high. These findings support the use of rectal swabs as a convenient and easily accessible specimen type in a rotavirus surveillance program for follow-up on the effects of a vaccine introduction.…”

Section: Some Other European Countries Such As the United Kingdom Andmentioning

confidence: 91%

Genetic diversity of rotavirus strains circulating in Norway before and after the introduction of rotavirus vaccination in children

Gibory

Bruun

Flem

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Virology

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Globally, rotavirus (RV) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in young children under 5 years of age. Implementation of RV vaccination is expected to result in fewer cases of RV in the target population, but it is unknown if this also results in vaccine‐induced virus strain replacement. Rotarix, a monovalent vaccine based on G1P[8] RV, was introduced in Norway in the children's immunization program in September 2014. The main aim of this study was to describe the diversity of RV circulating pre and post introduction of the RV vaccine in Norway and investigate changes in genotype distribution during the first 4 years after implementation. A total of 1108 samples were collected from children under 5 years enrolled with AGE from five large hospitals in Norway and were analyzed for RV by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). All positive results were genotyped by multiplex semi‐nested reverse transcription PCR for identification of G and P types. In total, 487 of the 1108 (44%) samples, collected from the enrolled children, were positive for RV by EIA method which were further genotyped. G1P[8] was found to be the most common type of RV pre and post RV vaccine implementation followed by G9P[8]. There were neither geographical nor temporal differences in genotype dominance. Also, no apparent changes were shown in the genotype distribution in the postvaccine era for years from 2015 to 2018. In 21.4% of the cases, vaccine strains were detected. Continuous RV genotype surveillance is vital for assessing the effectiveness of a vaccine program and monitoring for any emergence of vaccine‐escape strains. Genotyping is also necessary to detect vaccine strains to avoid reporting false‐positive cases of active RV infection in newly vaccinated cases.

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“…A stool sample from the child was obtained. If a stool sample was not attainable, an anal skin swab was done [26]. When symptoms or medical history could indicate a bacterial infection, samples were also sent for bacterial culture.…”

Section: Study Design Setting and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of rotavirus disease in young children in Iceland – Time to vaccinate?

Kristinsdóttir

Haraldsson

Löve

et al. 2021

Vaccine

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Rotavirus detection in bulk stool and rectal swab specimens in children with acute gastroenteritis in Norway

Abstract: Both EIA and semi-nested RT-PCR showed a high accuracy, and rectal swab specimens are appropriate for rotavirus diagnosis and may be used as an alternate specimen type when collection of bulk stool is not feasible.

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Rectal swabs are a reliable proxy for faecal samples in infant gut microbiota research based on 16S-rRNA sequencing

Rectal swabs are a reliable proxy for faecal samples in infant gut microbiota research based on 16S-rRNA sequencing

Genetic diversity of rotavirus strains circulating in Norway before and after the introduction of rotavirus vaccination in children

Burden of rotavirus disease in young children in Iceland – Time to vaccinate?

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