Root System Architecture and Its Association with Yield under Different Water Regimes in Durum Wheat

Hassouni, Khaoula El; Alahmad, Samir; Belkadi, Bouchra; Filali-Maltouf, Abdelkarim; Hickey, Lee T.; Bassi, Filippo M.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2018.01.0076

Cited by 71 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(142 reference statements)

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“…These adaptive features determining the root distribution in the soil profile have been associated with root growth angle (Nakamoto et al, 1991;Oyanagi et al, 1993;Oyanagi, 1994;Borrell et al, 2014a). In durum wheat, seminal root angle (SRA) is representative of the mature RSA and provides a useful proxy because the trait can be easily phenotyped at seedling stage (Tuberosa et al, 2002a;Tuberosa et al, 2002b;de Dorlodot et al, 2007;Tuberosa et al, 2007;Fang et al, 2017;El Hassouni et al, 2018). For instance, a narrow SRA is associated with a higher proportion of roots at depth at the mature stage in wheat (Nakamoto and Oyanagi, 1994;Bengough et al, 2004;Sanguineti et al, 2007;, similar to findings in other major crops like sorghum and rice (Omori and Mano, 2007;Uga et al, 2011;Mace et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, wide SRA is was found to be associated with a shallow root system that may be beneficial for exploring the superficial soil layers and capturing in-season rainfall. Therefore, identifying the optimal RSA in target environments is critical to guide breeding efforts (El Hassouni et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and thousand kernel weight by 9% in environments with limited moisture, compared to genotypes with shallow root systems (El Hassouni et al, 2018). The availability of large genetic variability in terms of rooting patterns and the high heritability of SRA (Manschadi et al, 2006;Maccaferri et al, 2016;Alahmad et al, 2018a;El Hassouni et al, 2018) are two key factors suggesting that optimization of the roots could potentially deliver high yielding durum cultivars in water-limiting environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a high-throughput, affordable and scalable phenotyping method for screening seminal root angle under controlled conditions has been developed, known as the 'clear pot' method , and has been successfully applied to durum wheat, barley and bread wheat. The technique has facilitated direct phenotypic selection of SRA (Alahmad et al, 2018a;Richard et al, 2018), phenotyping cultivars and breeding lines to investigate yield trends (El Hassouni et al, 2018;Robinson et al, 2018), and phenotyping of mapping populations required for QTL discovery (Robinson et al, 2016). While evaluation of mature RSA in the field is challenging, moderately efficient techniques have been developed, such as 'shovelomics' (Trachsel et al, 2011), soil coring (Wasson et al, 2014) and the 'pasta strainer' method (El Hassouni et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The technique has facilitated direct phenotypic selection of SRA (Alahmad et al, 2018a;Richard et al, 2018), phenotyping cultivars and breeding lines to investigate yield trends (El Hassouni et al, 2018;Robinson et al, 2018), and phenotyping of mapping populations required for QTL discovery (Robinson et al, 2016). While evaluation of mature RSA in the field is challenging, moderately efficient techniques have been developed, such as 'shovelomics' (Trachsel et al, 2011), soil coring (Wasson et al, 2014) and the 'pasta strainer' method (El Hassouni et al, 2018). Despite the challenges, some progress has been made to identify some of the genomic regions influencing RSA in durum wheat, with several bi-parental and association mapping studies published to date (Sanguineti et al, 2007;Cane et al, 2014;Maccaferri et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accelerating the development of durum wheat adapted to drought and crown rot conditions

Alahmad¹

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Global demand for durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) will increase with our dramatic continuous growing population. However, production is facing climatic fluctuations and evolving pests and diseases. In Australia, the industry has encountered many challenges surrounding stable and profitable production. These include the lack of reliable rainfall throughout the production regions resulting in severe droughts, and the susceptibility of durum wheat to crown rot (CR; caused predominantly by Fusarium pseudograminearum). Damage to durum wheat crops caused by CR is exacerbated by water stress. Thus far, due to the limited protection attainable by fungicide application and lack of genetic resistance in elite durum breeding germplasm, it has been recognised that breeding varieties incorporating reduced susceptibility to CR would be the most effective control measure when effectively combined with other management practices. For example, improved root system architecture holds some promise for enhancing access to water in arid and semi-arid production areas, particularly in deep soils with high water-holding capacity. This may be advantageous in CR-affected environments if it enables improved access to water that could simultaneously help to avoid drought and so reduce the impact of CR on yield. Hence, this research aimed to identify and combine multiple desirable physiological traits, or adaptive features, to provide some tolerance to CR. Firstly, to identify genetic regions influencing root growth angle (RGA) and CR tolerance, an integrated screening method was developed for phenotyping root variation and CR tolerance, along with other important traits such as leaf rust and plant height in durum wheat. The method was adapted to speed breeding and provided plant breeders with protocols and tools to apply selection in early generations of population development. Therefore, the selection will result in enriching recombinant inbred lines (RILs) with desirable alleles and reduce the number of years required to combine these traits in elite breeding populations. Secondly, a nested association mapping (NAM) population was developed within 18 months using speed breeding technology, including an F4 generation in the field. NAM population were developed by crossing eight elite lines imported from the International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) with two Australian cultivars. This population generated a significant variation for above-and below-ground traits that could be harnessed and explored using genetic mapping and breeding approaches. To identify key genomic regions associated with RGA, a subset of 393 NAM lines were phenotyped using the 'clear pot' method. Combining RGA data with 2,541 polymorphic DArTseq markers information, a major iii independent QTL (qSRA-6A) on 6A chromosome was identified. Furthermore, haplotype analysis for this QTL identified two major haplotype groups in the population, highlighting the opportunity for combining root traits with above-ground traits to better ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accelerating the development of durum wheat adapted to drought and crown rot conditions

Alahmad¹

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TaERF73 is associated with root depth, thousand‐grain weight and plant height in wheat over a range of environmental conditions

Mao

et al. 2021

Food and Energy Security

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AP2/ERF is a plant‐specific transcription factor superfamily regulating plant growth, development and responses to multiple stresses. However, the roles of ERF genes in the growth and development of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) remain elusive. In this study, a novel ERF gene TaERF73 was cloned from wheat. qRT‐PCR analysis showed that TaERF73 is predominantly expressed in roots. It responds to treatments of auxin, MeJA, ABA, low temperature and drought stresses. Ectopic expression of TaERF73 in rice caused short root length, indicating that TaERF73 is a negative regulator of root growth. Four SNPs were detected in TaERF73‐4B coding region through sequence polymorphism analysis. A dCAPS (derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence) molecular marker was developed based on the SNP at 119 bp (G/C) of TaERF73‐4B. Association analysis between genotypes and agronomic traits revealed that Hap‐4B‐2 is a haplotype of TaERF73‐4B associated with shorter plant height, higher thousand‐grain weight and longer root depth. The distributions of haplotypes in ten Chinese major wheat zones suggested that Hap‐4B‐2 has been positively selected in the breeding process. Together, the ERF gene TaERF73 is associated with root depth, plant height and thousand‐grain weight under drought, heat and well‐watered conditions. The molecular marker developed in this study could be a valuable source for marker‐assisted selection and genetic improvement in wheat.

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On‐farm assessment of yield and quality traits in durum wheat

et al. 2023

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BACKGROUND Durum wheat is key source of calories and nutrients for many regions of the world. Demand for it is predicted to increase. Further efforts are therefore needed to develop new cultivars adapted to different future scenarios. Developing a novel cultivar takes, on average, 10 years and advanced lines are tested during the process, in general, under standardized conditions. Although evaluating candidate genotypes for commercial release under different on‐farm conditions is a strategy that is strongly recommended, its application for durum wheat and particularly for quality traits has been limited. This study evaluated the grain yield and quality performance of eight different genotypes across five contrasting farmers’ fields over two seasons. Combining different analysis strategies, the most outstanding and stable genotypes were identified. RESULTS The analyses revealed that some traits were mainly explained by the genotype effect (thousand kernel weight, flour sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation volume, and flour yellowness), others by the management practices (yield and grain protein content), and others (test weight) by the year effect. In general, yield showed the highest range of variation across genotypes, management practices, and years and test weight the narrowest range. Flour yellowness was the most stable trait across management conditions, while yield‐related traits were the most unstable. We also determined the most representative and discriminative field conditions, which is a beneficial strategy when breeders are constrained in their ability to develop multi‐environment experiments. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that assessing genotypes in different farming systems is a valid and complementary strategy for on‐station trials for determining the performance of future commercial cultivars in heterogeneous environments to improve the breeding process and resources. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Root System Architecture and Its Association with Yield under Different Water Regimes in Durum Wheat

Cited by 71 publications

References 75 publications

Accelerating the development of durum wheat adapted to drought and crown rot conditions

Accelerating the development of durum wheat adapted to drought and crown rot conditions

TaERF73 is associated with root depth, thousand‐grain weight and plant height in wheat over a range of environmental conditions

On‐farm assessment of yield and quality traits in durum wheat

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