Root iTRAQ protein profile analysis of two Citrus species differing in aluminum-tolerance in response to long-term aluminum-toxicity

Abstract

BackgroundLimited information is available on aluminum (Al)-toxicity-responsive proteins in woody plant roots. Seedlings of ‘Xuegan’ (Citrus sinensis) and ‘Sour pummelo’ (Citrus grandis) were treated for 18 weeks with nutrient solution containing 0 (control) or 1.2 mM AlCl3 · 6H2O (+Al). Thereafter, we investigated Citrus root protein profiles using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). The aims of this work were to determine the molecular mechanisms of plants to deal with Al-toxicity and to identify differentially expressed proteins involved in Al-tolerance.ResultsC. sinensis was more tolerant to Al-toxicity than C. grandis. We isolated 347 differentially expressed proteins from + Al Citrus roots. Among these proteins, 202 (96) proteins only presented in C. sinensis (C. grandis), and 49 proteins were shared by the two species. Of the 49 overlapping proteins, 45 proteins were regulated in the same direction upon Al exposure in the both species. These proteins were classified into following categories: sulfur metabolism, stress and defense response, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, protein metabolism, cell transport, biological regulation and signal transduction, cell wall and cytoskeleton metabolism, and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis. The higher Al-tolerance of C. sinensis may be related to several factors, including: (a) activation of sulfur metabolism; (b) greatly improving the total ability of antioxidation and detoxification; (c) up-regulation of carbohydrate and energy metabolism; (d) enhancing cell transport; (e) decreased (increased) abundances of proteins involved in protein synthesis (proteiolysis); (f) keeping a better balance between protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation; and (g) increasing JA biosynthesis.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that metabolic flexibility was more remarkable in C. sinenis than in C. grandis roots, thus improving the Al-tolerance of C. sinensis. This provided the most integrated view of the adaptive responses occurring in Al-toxicity roots.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2133-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Root Adaptive Responses to Aluminum-Treatment Revealed by RNA-Seq in Two Citrus Species With Different Aluminum-Tolerance

“…This disagrees with our reports that more Al-responsive proteins related to protein metabolism were identified in C. sineneis than in C. grandis roots (Jiang et al, 2015). Most of these genes were involved in protein degradation, followed by protein ubiquitination-related genes, heat shock protein (HSP)/chaperone genes and protein biosynthesis-related genes.…”

“…This agrees with the report that both JA biosynthesis and level might be elevated in +Al C. sinensis roots (Jiang et al, 2015). Peixoto et al (2001) reported that both LOX activity and Al-induced increase in LOX activity were greater in Al-tolerant than in Al-sensitive sorghum cultivar.…”

Selenium improves the transport dynamics and energy conservation of the photosynthetic apparatus of in vitro grown Billbergia zebrina (Bromeliaceae)

“…However, Se is known to have a beneficial effect when present in low concentrations (Pilon-Smith et al 2009). Several studies have demonstrated multiple impacts of Se on plant physiology, such as increased biomass production (Chen et al 2014, Jiang et al 2015, Feng et al 2016, delayed senescence (Xue et al 2001), increased tolerance to oxidative damage (Feng et al 2013, Diao et al 2014, Qing et al 2015, Tang et al 2015, increased production of carotenoid pigments (Ning et al 2016), higher tolerance to photooxidative stresses (Seppänen et al 2003), greater carbohydrate accumulation (Turakainen et al 2006, Owusu-Sekyere et al 2013, and alleviation of the effects of biotic and abiotic stresses (Hanson et al 2003, Yao et al 2010, Hasanuzzaman and Fujita 2011, Han et al 2015.…”

“…High concentrations of Se can damage the photosynthetic apparatus, inhibit photosynthesis, and reduce starch production (Vítová et al 2011, Łabanowska et al 2012, Wang et al 2012. However, in adequate concentrations, Se can enhance photosynthesis and protect the PSII (Feng et al 2015, Jiang et al 2015. Previous studies have shown that chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence analysis is an efficient nondestructive technique to evaluate modulations in the photosynthetic apparatus under different environmental conditions (Zushi et al 2017).…”

Proteomic analysis of Zhangzagu3 (Setaria italica) and its parents based on iTRAQ technique

“…To explore some of the mechanisms underlying the generation of heterosis at the protein level, proteomic molecular analysis has been introduced over many years [17][18][19]. The abundance of a protein is not only regulated at a transcriptional level, but also at translational and post-translational levels [20], so proteomics is a very powerful tool to analyze the functions of plant proteins [21][22][23]. To identify a larger number of proteins and provide more reliable quantitative information, the iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) method has been introduced to execute quantitative comparison and analysis of protein expression profiles of multiple samples simultaneously [24][25][26].…”