Room Temperature Tunable Multiferroic Properties in Sol-Gel-Derived Nanocrystalline Sr(Ti1−xFex)O3−δ Thin Films

Abstract

Sr(Ti1−xFex)O3−δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) thin films were grown on Si(100) substrates with LaNiO3 buffer-layer by a sol-gel process. Influence of Fe substitution concentration on the structural, ferroelectric, and magnetic properties, as well as the leakage current behaviors of the Sr(Ti1−xFex)O3−δ thin films, were investigated by using the X-ray diffractometer (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), the ferroelectric test system, and the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). After substituting a small amount of Ti ion with Fe, highly enhanced ferroelectric properties were obtained successfully in SrTi0.9Ti0.1O3−δ thin films, with a double remanent polarization (2Pr) of 1.56, 1.95, and 9.14 μC·cm−2, respectively, for the samples were annealed in air, oxygen, and nitrogen atmospheres. The leakage current densities of the Fe-doped SrTiO3 thin films are about 10−6–10−5 A·cm−2 at an applied electric field of 100 kV·cm−1, and the conduction mechanism of the thin film capacitors with various Fe concentrations has been analyzed. The ferromagnetic properties of the Sr(Ti1−xFex)O3−δ thin films have been investigated, which can be correlated to the mixed valence ions and the effects of the grain boundary. The present results revealed the multiferroic nature of the Sr(Ti1−xFex)O3−δ thin films. The effect of the annealing environment on the room temperature magnetic and ferroelectric properties of Sr(Ti0.9Fe0.1)O3−δ thin films were also discussed in detail.

Fe and Co-doped (Ba, Ca)TiO3 Perovskite as Potential Electrocatalysts for Glutamate Sensing

“…For these reasons, doping of BaTiO3 and CaTiO3 by Fe and Co, which results in bandgap narrowing and enhanced electron transfer, could exhibit improved electrocatalytic performance. Observations from this study were being agreed with the study reported by B. Sawicki et al and Y. Wang et al, which stated that lower bandgap improve the electrocatalytic activity [48][49].…”

Effect of Target Composition and Sputtering Deposition Parameters on the Functional Properties of Nitrogenized Ag-Permalloy Flexible Thin Films Deposited on Polymer Substrates

“…Owing to their immiscibility, the components are likely to segregate ensuing the formation of nonmagnetic matrix with small magnetic precipitates embedded in it [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ]. After replacing a minor amount of Ti ion with Fe, extremely enhanced ferroelectric characteristics were obtained successfully, while the thin films were annealed in nitrogen, air, and oxygen atmospheres [ 38 ]. Thickness dependence, which is mainly due to deposition time or power variations of the magnetic hysteresis observed in NiFeAg heterogeneous alloy films at ambient temperature onto glass substrates [ 39 ].…”

Growth of sillenite Bi12FeO20 single crystals: structural, thermal, optical, photocatalytic features and first principle calculations

“…However, in the present case, it was observed that Fe 2p 3/2 and Fe 2p 1/2 correspond to B.Es ~ 712.6 eV and ~ 726.04 eV respectively. The Fe 2p 3/2 and Fe 2p 1/2 peaks shift towards higher energies as compared to typical binding energy of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ oxidation states clearly indicating the existence of higher oxidation state (Fe 4+ ) constituting Fe 2p 27 – 31 . With regard to Bi, the Bi 4f XPS spectra shown in Fig.…”