Room temperature long range ferromagnetic ordering in (BiFeO3)1−x (PbTiO3)x nanocrystallites

Abstract

Room temperature Mössbauer spectra of (BiFeO3)1−x (PbTiO3)x (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) nano multiferroic systems prepared by solution combustion technique reveal the long range ferromagnetic ordering, supported by M-H loop measurements. Magnetic hyperfine interaction field and isomer shift for these nanocrystallite indicate the presence of Fe3 + ion only, likewise confirmed by from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study, which is essential for enhancement of multiferroic properties. A small residual magnetic moment is observed for these nanoparticles, which may be attributed to size confinement at nanoscale and to spin canting. These nanomaterials are of great importance in basic as well as applied research.

Multiferroic bismuth ferrite-based materials for multifunctional applications: Ceramic bulks, thin films and nanostructures

“…18]. 17,30,46,53,143,466,472,482,486,504,505,516,519,528,534,[845][846][847] For example, both the Néel and Curie temperatures of BFO decreased with decreasing the particle sizes to the nanometer level. 647,648 The enhanced magnetization of BFO nanostructures was considered to be partially originated from the uncompensated spins at surfaces.…”

“…In this section, we will look into the details of fabrication methods, size effects and properties of nanostructured BFO materials. 17,30,46,53,143,466,472,482,486,504,505,516,519,528,534, Sol-gel, 53,505,680,686,693,695,699,700,702,704,705,710,711,[713][714][715]717,719,720 PLD, 516,[656][657][658][659][660][661] Hydrothermal, 670,703,706 Sonochemical, 687 Co-precipitation, 694 Electrospinning, 697 Self-combustion, 698 Solution combustion, 486,…”

“…740 There have been studies on the physical mechanisms to explain the enhanced magnetic properties of BFO: (i) coexistence of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ , 29,90,453,489,634 where Eerenstein et al considered that a substantial Fe 2+ fraction could induce a large saturation magnetization; 90 (ii) structure change, 187,486 where the magnetism of BFO films can be tailored by the structure changes by the addition of different types of dopants at varying concentrations. For example, introducing Pr and Nd favors the ferromagnetism of BFO films due to the development of mixed orthorhombic and tetragonal phases; 356,489 (iii) spatial homogenization of spin arrangement; 32,178,294,476,478,490,491 (iv) distorted spin cycloid structure, 59,134,181,347,453,455,458,481,[492][493][494][495] where for example, the Mn substitution at Fe site could destroy the unique spin cycloid structure and lead to net magnetization; 493 (v) varied canting angle of Fe-O-Fe bond; 187,486 and (vi) addition of magnetic elements or materials, 66,180,376,449,487,488 where for example, Co can improve magnetic properties as a result of the strong magnetic coupling between Fe 3+ and Co 3+ under 180• super-...…”

Characterization of Bi2Se3:Fe epitaxial films grown by pulsed laser deposition

“…The intensity of the peak at 529.7 eV has small reduction after cleaning procedure, which again implies the presence of oxidized surface layer consisting of Bi 2 O 3 and Fe 3 O 4 [20]. XPS spectrum of oxidized sample prepared at 550°C shows only intense peaks at 529.6 eV corresponding to O\Bi [20] and O\Fe bonds [29,30].…”

Magnetoelectric dipole interaction in RF-magnetron sputtered (1−x) BiFeO3–xBaTiO3 thin films

“…ME coupling offers various possibilities of multiferroic thin films in device applications via electric field control of magnetization and vice versa [4]. In quest of room temperature new multiferroic materials, increasing interest has led to exploring coupling between magnetic and electric field [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Magnetoelectric coupling coefficient value is usually small in single-phase multiferroics as they often exhibit only weak magnetization or ferroelectricity.…”