Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquids in Liquid–Liquid Extraction: Effects of Solubility in Aqueous Solutions on Surface Properties

Toh, S.L.; McFarlane, Joanna; Tsouris, Costas; DePaoli, David W.; Luo, Huimin; Dai, Sheng

doi:10.1080/07366290500388400

Cited by 108 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…[17][18][19][20] The presence of water can also affect the rates and selectivity of reactions involving or carried in ILs. 21 Despite the importance of the knowledge of the mutual solubilities of ILs and water, only few scattered publications reporting measurements are available 7,17,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] and only one overview of the mutual solubilities between water and imidazolium-based ILs has been published so far. 36 In this work, a rigorous and systematic experimental study of the mutual solubilites between ILs and water from 288.15 to 318.15 K at atmospheric pressure was conducted for imidazolium-, pyridinium-, pyrrolidinium-, and piperidinium-based cations and bis-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide-, hexafluorophosphate-, and tricyanomethane-based anions ILs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutual Solubilities of Water and Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids

et al. 2007

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The ionic nature of ionic liquids (ILs) results in a unique combination of intrinsic properties that produces increasing interest in the research of these fluids as environmentally friendly "neoteric" solvents. One of the main research fields is their exploitation as solvents for liquid-liquid extractions, but although ILs cannot vaporize leading to air pollution, they present non-negligible miscibility with water that may be the cause of some environmental aquatic risks. It is thus important to know the mutual solubilities between ILs and water before their industrial applications. In this work, the mutual solubilities of hydrophobic yet hygroscopic imidazolium-, pyridinium-, pyrrolidinium-, and piperidinium-based ILs in combination with the anions bis-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, hexafluorophosphate, and tricyanomethane with water were measured between 288.15 and 318.15 K. The effect of the ILs structural combinations, as well as the influence of several factors, namely cation side alkyl chain length, the number of cation substitutions, the cation family, and the anion identity in these mutual solubilities are analyzed and discussed. The hydrophobicity of the anions increases in the order [C(CN) 3 ] < [PF 6 ] < [Tf 2 N] while the hydrophobicity of the cations increases from [C n mim] < [C n mpy] e [C n mpyr] < [C n mpip] and with the alkyl chain length increase. From experimental measurements of the temperature dependence of ionic liquid solubilities in water, the thermodynamic molar functions of solution, such as Gibbs energy, enthalpy, and entropy at infinite dilution were determined, showing that the solubility of these ILs in water is entropically driven and that the anion solvation at the IL-rich phase controls their solubilities in water. The COSMO-RS, a predictive method based on unimolecular quantum chemistry calculations, was also evaluated for the description of the water-IL binary systems studied, where it showed to be capable of providing an acceptable qualitative agreement with the experimental data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutual Solubilities of Water and Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids

et al. 2007

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“…Actually, it has been shown in literature that ILs' properties are heavily affected by water solubilisation [17][18][19][20][21] and so is the viscosity η [21], displaying a rough 30% decrease from dry to water-saturated BumimTf 2 N. In our model, this should have some impact onto the k 2 value while k 1 corresponds to a real mono-molecular reaction so that, in principle, its value should not be dependent on the viscosity. In an attempt to reconcile the fitted values for all the experimental series of this work, the nine series in BumimTf 2 N have thus been tentatively fitted together, imposing k 2 to vary as a function of 1/η, keeping ε 1 , ε 2 and k 1 constant from one series to another, at a given wavelength.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

TTA solvation kinetics in the ionic liquid BumimTf2N

Billard¹,

Mekki²,

Ouadi³

et al. 2007

Comptes Rendus. Chimie

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“…À [70]. Likewise, the variation of water content in a number of imidazolium, pyrrolidinium, ammonium, and phosphonium ILs has been attributed to the identity of the anionic species; the following hydrophobic trend was observed:…”

Section: Solubility and Degradationmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Industrial-scale liquid-liquid extractions will incur significant losses to waste water if the IL has any measureable solubility in water [70]. The miscibility of ILs in water is a consequence of the strength of the interaction between water molecules and ions; this is largely influenced by the size of the ion [71].…”

Section: Solubility and Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Separating Rare-Earth Elements with Ionic Liquids

Mehio

Luo

Do‐Thanh

et al. 2016

Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology

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The rare-earth elements (REEs) are a group of 17 chemically similar metallic elements; this group consists of scandium, yttrium, and 15 lanthanides. Due to their essential role in permanent magnets, lamp phosphors, catalysts, and rechargeable batteries, the REEs have become an essential component of the global transition to a green economy. Currently, with China producing over 90 % of the global REE output and its increasingly tightening export quota, the rest of the world is confronted with the potential risk of REE shortage. As such, many countries will have to rely on recycling REEs from pre-consumer scrap, industrial residues, and REE-containing end-of-life products. Over the course of the last two decades, ionic liquids have been increasingly used to separate REEs in the recycling process. Ionic liquids (ILs) are a class of molten salts that are liquid at temperatures below 100 C. ILs are amenable to the recycling of REEs because the cation and anion components are readily tailored to a given process, and they offer numerous advantages over typical organic solvents, such as low volatility, low flammability, a broad temperature range of stability, the ability to dissolve both inorganic and organic compounds, high conductivity, and wide electrochemical windows. In this chapter, we discuss the performance of several IL-based extraction systems used to separate and recycle REEs.

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Room‐Temperature Ionic Liquids in Liquid–Liquid Extraction: Effects of Solubility in Aqueous Solutions on Surface Properties

Cited by 108 publications

References 47 publications

Mutual Solubilities of Water and Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids

Mutual Solubilities of Water and Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids

TTA solvation kinetics in the ionic liquid BumimTf2N

Separating Rare-Earth Elements with Ionic Liquids

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