Room temperature continuous wave operation of λ <b>∼</b> 3–3.2 μm quantum cascade lasers

Bandyopadhyay, N.; Bai, Y.; Tsao, S.; Nida, Selamnesh; Slivken, S.; Razeghi, Manijeh

doi:10.1063/1.4769038

Cited by 105 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…10 Based on QCL technology, threshold current densities of around 2.0 kA/cm 2 and 3.5 kA/cm 2 were achieved on the InP and InAs material system, respectively. 12,16,28 Despite the presented ICLs being the first attempt towards wavelengths below 3 lm, their performance is with 383 A/cm 2 already comparable to the above mentioned technologies. RWG devices with uncoated facets operating at room temperature show cw output powers around 11 mW.…”

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confidence: 99%

Single-mode interband cascade lasers emitting below 2.8 μm

Scheuermann

Weih

Edlinger

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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In this work, single-mode distributed feedback (DFB) interband cascade laser (ICL) devices with record short wavelength emission below 2.8 μm are presented. Pulsed measurements based on broad area laser devices with a cavity of 2 mm length and 150 μm width showed threshold current densities of 383 A/cm2 at T = 20 °C and a characteristic temperature T0 of 67 K. Fabricated DFB devices were operated in continuous wave mode at room temperature, with threshold currents of 57 mA and demonstrated side mode suppression ratios of larger than 25 dB. The devices showed current tuning ranges of 7 nm and total (including drive current and temperature) tuning ranges of 12 nm, with respective tuning rates of 21 nm/W, 0.13 nm/mA and 0.29 nm/K. Using the full spectral gain bandwidth of the underlying ICL material, single-mode DFB emission was observed within a wavelength range of 150 nm utilizing different DFB grating periods.

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confidence: 99%

Single-mode interband cascade lasers emitting below 2.8 μm

Scheuermann

Weih

Edlinger

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Room-temperature, continuous-wave lasing has been demonstrated throughout this wavelength range: 5.1 W power with 21% WPE at 4.9 µm [7], 2.5 W with 12.5% WPE [8] and 3 W with 12.7% WPE at 4.6 µm [9], and watt-level powers with a WPE of 6% at 3.76 µm [10]. At shorter wavelengths, RT CW operation has also been achieved, but with lower powers: 400 mW at 3.4-3.55 µm [11] and mW power at 3-3.2 µm [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Quantum Transport Simulation of High-Power 4.6-μm Quantum Cascade Lasers

et al. 2016

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We present a quantum transport simulation of a 4.6-µm quantum cascade laser (QCL) operating at high power near room temperature. The simulation is based on a rigorous density-matrix-based formalism, in which the evolution of the single-electron density matrix follows a Markovian master equation in the presence of applied electric field and relevant scattering mechanisms. We show that it is important to allow for both position-dependent effective mass and for effective lowering of very thin barriers in order to obtain the band structure and the current-field characteristics comparable to experiment. Our calculations agree well with experiments over a wide range of temperatures. We predict a room-temperature threshold field of 62.5 kV/cm and a characteristic temperature for threshold-current-density variation of T 0 = 199 K. We also calculate electronic in-plane distributions, which are far from thermal, and show that subband electron temperatures can be hundreds to thousands of degrees higher than the heat sink. Finally, we emphasize the role of coherent tunneling current by looking at the size of coherences, the off-diagonal elements of the density matrix. At the design lasing field, efficient injection manifests itself in a large injector/upper lasing level coherence, which underscores the insufficiency of semiclassical techniques to address injection in QCLs.

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“…Frequency tuning of QCLs is possible through refractive index variations and heating, however it is limited to variations of 5 GHz only [15]. QCLs working at room temperature are rather limited to a wavelength range of 3-5 µm [16]. However, broadband THz-QCLs for longer wavelengths require operation at cryogenic temperatures, which complicates their practical use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of ultra-narrow, stable and tunable millimeter- and terahertz- waves with very low phase noise

Preußler¹,

Wenzel²,

Braun³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

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The interference between two spectral lines of the frequency comb of a fiber femtosecond laser is used to generate millimeter-wave and terahertz tones. The two lines are selected by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) amplification. All other modes are strongly rejected based on polarization discrimination, using the polarization-pulling effect that is associated with SBS. The inherent high spectral quality of a femtosecond fiber laser comb allows generation of millimeter-and terahertz waves with linewidths below 1 Hz, and a phase noise of -105 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset. The generation, free-space transmission and detection of continuous waves at 1 THz are demonstrated as well. Lastly, the generated millimeterwave carriers are modulated by 40 Gbit/s data. The entire system consists of a fiber laser and standard equipment of optical telecommunications. Besides metrology, spectroscopy and astronomy, the method can be utilized for the emergent field of wireless millimeter-wave and THz-communications at ultra-high data rates. Abstract: The interference between two spectral lines of the frequency comb of a fiber femtosecond laser is used to generate millimeter-wave and terahertz tones. The two lines are selected by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) amplification. All other modes are strongly rejected based on polarization discrimination, using the polarization-pulling effect that is associated with SBS. The inherent high spectral quality of a femtosecond fiber laser comb allows generation of millimeter-and terahertz waves with linewidths below 1 Hz, and a phase noise of -105 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset. The generation, free-space transmission and detection of continuous waves at 1 THz are demonstrated as well. Lastly, the generated millimeter-wave carriers are modulated by 40 Gbit/s data. The entire system consists of a fiber laser and standard equipment of optical telecommunications. Besides metrology, spectroscopy and astronomy, the method can be utilized for the emergent field of wireless millimeter-wave and THz-communications at ultra-high data rates.

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Room temperature continuous wave operation of λ ∼ 3–3.2 μm quantum cascade lasers

Cited by 105 publications

References 18 publications

Single-mode interband cascade lasers emitting below 2.8 μm

Single-mode interband cascade lasers emitting below 2.8 μm

Quantum Transport Simulation of High-Power 4.6-μm Quantum Cascade Lasers

Generation of ultra-narrow, stable and tunable millimeter- and terahertz- waves with very low phase noise

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