Room temperature ammonia gas sensor based on polyaniline/copper ferrite binary nanocomposites

A review: electrical and gas sensing properties of polyaniline/ferrite nanocomposites

“…Gopal et al were conducted gas sensing measurements (liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), H 2 S, CO, Cl 2 , CH 4 , NH 3 ) of ferrite nanoparticles like copper ferrite (CuFe 2 O 4 ), ZnFe 2 O 4 , cobalt ferrite (COFe 2 O 4 ), NiFe 2 O 4 and they found that ZnF 2 O 4 shows the maximum sensitivity for H 2 S, COFe 2 O 4 shows the maximum sensitivity for H 2 S at 175°C to 300°C and after 300°C its shows maximum sensitivity for Cl 2 gas and NiFe 2 O 4 also shows the highest sensitivity for Cl 2 gas during the variation in temperatures, but CuFe 2 O 4 did not show any noticeable sensitivity to those gases tested (Reddy et al, 2000). Darshane and Mulla (2010) (Wang et al, 2020) subjected to detect various gases like LPG, H 2 , C 2 H 5 OH, NO x , SO x , H 2 S, C 2 H 6 OH, at a temperature of 200°C, and it was found that the sample shows the highest response towards LPG. ZnF 2 O 4 nanocomposite was prepared into a solid-state pellet with known thickness was investigated with the exposition of LPG for the different concentrations, variations in resistance with time were recorded at room temperature.…”

“…The gas sensitivity of the PANI increases with the increased amount of ferrite into the PANI. Wang et al (2020) has prepared the PANI/ CuFe 2 O 4 nanocomposite shows superb for NH 3 gas sensing properties, the interaction between p-n heterojunctions and the synergistic effect of binary semiconductor ferrite nanocomposites are electronic-sensitive that converts the NH 3 concentration to chemiresistive changes, and this can be summarized in the below chemical equation (a):…”

“…It takes protons and forms N 1 -H bonds due to in-site oxidation polymerization. When exposed to NH 3 gas, the sensor adsorbs NH 3 molecules, and then, the N-H group on the surface of PANI reacts with NH 3 to form NH 4 1 , which is of benefit to the adsorption of NH 3 gas (Wang et al, 2020).…”

“…Thus, combining the characters of PANI and ferrite nanoparticles helps in the generation of new electrical and gas sensing materials, PANI is a ptype sensing material and it has been in the spotlight as an outstanding sensing material, the n-type and p-type binary oxide semiconducting materials shows good electrical and gas sensing properties. The PANI coupled with ferrite nanoparticles forms p-n heterojunctions, due to the perfect matching between valence and conduction bands that can enhance the electrical and gas sensing characteristics (Megha et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2020). The interface between PANI/ferrite nanoparticles leads to get desired applications, thus the addition of ferrite to the PANI led to an increase in thermal stability (Kharazi et al, 2019).…”

Multifunctional E‐Textiles Based on Biological Phytic Acid‐Doped Polyaniline/Protein Fabric Nanocomposites

“…[56] Meanwhile, X-Ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum (Figure 2h) of PANI@CNTs nanohybrids displays characteristic peaks at www.advmattechnol.de 2θ = 15.5° (011) and 2θ = 25.8° (200) due to the parallel and vertical periodicity of the PANI chains. [57] Another characteristic peak at 2θ = 20.8° (020) can be ascribed to the diffraction caused by the layers of polymer chains at alternating distances and the semicrystalline plane of PANI. [58] Besides, this spectrum exhibits characteristic peak at 2θ = 43.2°, which is associated with (100) diffractions of CNTs.…”