Roles of intensity and duration of nocturnal exercise in causing phase delays of human circadian rhythms.

Buxton, Orfeu M.; Frank, Samuel; L'Hermite-Balériaux, M; Leproult, Rachel; Turek, Fred W.; Cauter, Eve Van

doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1997.273.3.e536

Cited by 122 publications

(165 citation statements)

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“…The results of these early studies were confounded by the limitations of the circadian phase measures used and the conditions under which circadian phase was estimated. More recent studies involving exposure to a single stimulus over a background of constant conditions demonstrated that exposure of humans to nocturnal exercise results in significant phase delays of circadian hormonal rhythms (8,24,30). Consistent with the phase-delaying effects of exposure to single bouts of nocturnal exercise, a field study examining the entrainment of night workers to a daytime sleep schedule found that subjects exposed to nocturnal exercise experienced phase delays in the rhythm of body temperature greater than those observed in a control group not exposed to exercise, although statistical significance was only achieved if the morningnesseveningness of the control group was taken into account (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise elicits phase shifts and acute alterations of melatonin that vary with circadian phase

Buxton

Lee

L'Hermite-Balériaux

et al. 2003

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

259

202

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Buxton, Orfeu M., Calvin W. Lee, Mireille L'HermiteBalé riaux, Fred W. Turek, and Eve Van Cauter. Exercise elicits phase shifts and acute alterations of melatonin that vary with circadian phase. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 284: R714-R724, 2003; 10.1152/ajpregu. 00355.2002To examine the immediate phase-shifting effects of high-intensity exercise of a practical duration (1 h) on human circadian phase, five groups of healthy men 20-30 yr of age participated in studies involving no exercise or exposure to morning, afternoon, evening, or nocturnal exercise. Except during scheduled sleep/dark and exercise periods, subjects remained under modified constant routine conditions allowing a sleep period and including constant posture, knowledge of clock time, and exposure to dim light intensities averaging (ϮSD) 42 Ϯ 19 lx. The nocturnal onset of plasma melatonin secretion was used as a marker of circadian phase. A phase response curve was used to summarize the phaseshifting effects of exercise as a function of the timing of exercise. A significant effect of time of day on circadian phase shifts was observed (P Ͻ 0.004). Over the interval from the melatonin onset before exercise to the first onset after exercise, circadian phase was significantly advanced in the evening exercise group by 30 Ϯ 15 min (SE) compared with the phase delays observed in the no-exercise group (Ϫ25 Ϯ 14 min, P Ͻ 0.05). Phase shifts in response to evening exercise exposure were attenuated on the second day after exercise exposure and no longer significantly different from phase shifts observed in the absence of exercise. Unanticipated transient elevations of melatonin levels were observed in response to nocturnal exercise and in some evening exercise subjects. Taken together with the results from previous studies in humans and diurnal rodents, the current results suggest that 1) a longer duration of exercise exposure and/or repeated daily exposure to exercise may be necessary for reliable phase-shifting of the human circadian system and that 2) early evening exercise of high intensity may induce phase advances relevant for nonphotic entrainment of the human circadian system. jet lag; shift work DURING THE PAST decade, studies in several rodent species have shown that nonphotic stimuli are capable of altering mammalian circadian rhythms. Perturbation analyses of the circadian locomotor rhythms of nocturnal rodents revealed that exposure to single nonphotic stimuli, such as pulses of induced activity during constant darkness (25,26,28,31) or pulses of darkness during constant light, which also induce increased activity (7, 16), results in phase shifts that are dependent on the timing of stimulus presentation. Detailed studies of the nonphotic component of the rodent circadian system have led to an understanding of the types of stimuli that lead to phase shifts and/or alterations of photic entrainment, as well as model systems for examining the neural pathways and genes involved in these processes.In contrast, the nonphotic component of the...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise elicits phase shifts and acute alterations of melatonin that vary with circadian phase

Buxton

Lee

L'Hermite-Balériaux

et al. 2003

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

259

202

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“…This is a significant report lending support to the results we obtained with daytime exercise. In a study by Buxton et al 16 8 healthy individuals were subjected to 3 hours of moderate exercise and 1 hour of high-intensity exercise to find out the effects of the duration and intensity of nocturnal physical activity on human circadian rhythms. It was concluded that nighttime physical activity impaired the human circadian rhythm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Diurnal and Nocturnal Strenuous Exercise on Serum Melatonin Levels

Kılıç

Demirhan

Patlar

et al. 2016

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Introduction: There are reports of a possible relationship between melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, and exercise. Objective: The present study aims to investigate how diurnal and nocturnal strenuous exercise affects melatonin levels. Methods: The study enrolled 10 healthy sedentary males who did not actively exercise. The subjects had a mean age of 22.20±0.24 years, a mean height of 174.60±2.33 cm, and a mean weight of 69.70±2.42 kg. Two blood samples were collected from the subjects, one at rest, at 10:00 am, and the other immediately after strenuous exercise. Likewise, blood samples were taken from the same group of subjects after 48 hours: at 24:00 hours at rest and immediately after strenuous exercise. Samples were analyzed using the ELISA method to determine the serum melatonin levels (pg/ml). Results: By comparing the values at rest and after exercise, it was found that serum melatonin values remained unchanged with exercise. Serum melatonin values at rest or post-exercise measured at night were higher when compared with those measured during the day (p<0.05). Conclusions: Higher levels of melatonin found in the study appear to result from the increased release of melatonin at night, and not from exercise. The results of this study indicate that strenuous exercise carried out day or night, did not significantly influence serum melatonin levels. Keywords

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“…There is massive evidence that PE may act as a non-photic synchronizer, being able to dislocate the circadian rhythms phase (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) . This phenomenon may be observed when PE is applied in constant situations, in which the influence of other synchronizers both photic and non-photic are tried to be blocked.…”

Section: Physical Exercise As a Non-photic Synchronizermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The longest phase delays could be observed when the stimulus was presented three to five hours before the temperature nadir. Buxton et al (1997) (22) investigated the role of the intensity and duration of nocturnal PE in the modification of the thyreotropin and melatonin rhythms expression. The authors studied a group of 8 male healthy adult subjects (20-30 years), who received two pulses of PE at one o'clock in the morning at different days.…”

Section: Physical Exercise As a Non-photic Synchronizermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sincronização não-fótica: o efeito do exercício físico aeróbio

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Fortes

Santos

et al. 2007

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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The main alterations, either acute or chronic, caused by aerobic physical exercise (PE) over the body are generally well-known. However, there is a particular effect of PE which started to be elucidated in the beginning of the 90's in humans which has the capacity to alter the temporal relationship of the body with the environment. The modification of the expression of the circadian rhythms caused by PE qualifies it as a synchronizer of the biological oscillators. The main synchronizer of the biological rhythm is the light / dark geophysical cycle. The day / night rotation which occurs through differences in the luminosity levels is perceived through photic ways by the CTS. These stimuli, called photic, provide temporal information to the CTS synchronizing hence the biological oscillators to this environmental cycle. Other stimuli are also capable to synchronize them and are called non-photic synchronizers. This review writes about the effect of PE over the temporization system as well as discusses the possible and probable chronobiological applications of the mentioned knowledge. PE may affect the CTS through non-photic ways, being hence able to benefit health of individuals in several situations, such as transmeridian flights, night shift tasks and sleep disturbs. Moreover, we highlight that further studies should be conducted on individuals' routine in order to better understand the relationship between different synchronizers as well as their contribution in a real context.

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Roles of intensity and duration of nocturnal exercise in causing phase delays of human circadian rhythms.

Cited by 122 publications

References 15 publications

Exercise elicits phase shifts and acute alterations of melatonin that vary with circadian phase

Exercise elicits phase shifts and acute alterations of melatonin that vary with circadian phase

Effects of Diurnal and Nocturnal Strenuous Exercise on Serum Melatonin Levels

Sincronização não-fótica: o efeito do exercício físico aeróbio

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